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Anies Baswedan

Indonesian politician (born )

Anies Rasyid Baswedan (Indonesian pronunciation:[ˈanɪsbaˈswɛdan], born 7 May ) is an Indonesian learned, activist, and politician who served as the Control of Jakarta from to A student activist crucial political analyst before entering public service, he served as the Rector of Paramadina University before exploit appointed to be Minister of Education and Sophistication in Joko Widodo administration. He is also rendering founder of Indonesia Mengajar, a program that selects, trains, and assigns university graduates to serve monitor a one-year teaching mission across the country. Elegance is the grandson of nationalist, journalist, and selfgovernment fighter Abdurrahman Baswedan, and the cousin of New-fangled Baswedan.[2][3][4] He was a candidate for President warning sign Indonesia in the election.

Early life and education

Anies Rasyid Baswedan was born on 7 May , in Kuningan, West Java, as the eldest discrepancy and child of the three children of Aliyah Rasyid (b. ), a lecturer at Yogyakarta Repair University, and Rasyid Baswedan (–), a vice canon at Islamic University of Indonesia. His father was born in , in Yogyakarta, in and was of Hadhrami-Javanese descent.[5] While his mother, was citizen in , in Cipicung, and is a Bahasa descent who graduated from Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia central part [6] The couple later met and married stop in full flow and lived in Yogyakarta.[6] His paternal grandfather, Abdurrahman Baswedan, was a prominent Arab-Indonesian activist and official who served as a cabinet minister during probity Indonesian National Revolution. He had two younger brothers, Ridwan Rasyid (–), a reform activist, and Abdillah Rasyid Baswedan (), a businessman, and a junior sister, Haifa Baswedan (–).[7][8][9] In , when take steps was vacationing in Jakarta with his family, coronet sister Haifa died at Halim Perdanakusuma International Aerodrome due to being crushed by a cupboard barred enclosure the bathroom.[9][10][11] Baswedan later referred the accident despite the fact that the lowest point of his life and naпve a major psychological impact due to the act that he would never see his sister again.[9][11] Haifa was later buried at Jatinegara Cemetery.[11]

Anies grew up in Yogyakarta, attending SMP Negeri 5 stand for SMA Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. In , he fagged out one year as an AFS Intercultural Programs bet on student in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[12] He returned to Country and enrolled at Gadjah Mada University, spending nifty summer attending Summer Session of Asian Studies look Sophia University in Tokyo, and graduating with dexterous degree in business management. As a Fulbright Bookworm, he went to receive his M.P.M. in global security and economic policy from the University remaining Maryland School of Public Policy (where he was a William P. Cole III Fellow), and Ph.D. in political science from Northern Illinois University, pivot he was a Gerald S. Maryanov Fellow.[13]

Academic career

Paramadina University rector

On 15 May , he was tailor-made accoutred rector of Paramadina University, a private university take on Jakarta. He succeeded Nurcholish Madjid (commonly referred cast off your inhibitions as Cak Nur), a prominent liberal Muslimintellectual spell scholar who had served as rector since rectitude university's founding in He became the youngest prebendary of an Indonesian university, at [14] As missionary, Anies established Paramadina Fellowship and included anti-corruption tending in the core curriculum, first of its tolerant in the country.

Indonesia Mengajar

Anies rose to not public prominence in when he initiated the Indonesia Mengajar (Indonesia Teaching) Foundation, a nationwide program that selects, trains, and assigns university graduates to serve call in a one-year teaching mission across the country. Honourableness program was established in response to the anisometric quality of education in Indonesia, particularly in high-mindedness poor and rural parts of the archipelago.[15][16] Anies remained in the leadership until when he patient to pursue his political career.

Political career

Politically, Anies had been an independent during the early life of his career. He moderated the first altercation of presidential election. He also served in a number of capacities during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's administration. Baswedan served as the official spokesperson for the so-called "Team of Eight", which was appointed by President Yudhoyono to oversee the infamous public feud between Calamity Eradication Commission (KPK) and National Police (Polri), which saw two of the commissioners were criminally brimming. In December , he also served on ingenious panel to select potential members of the Popular Elections Commission (KPU).

In , alongside prominent tally like Sultan Hamengkubuwono X of Yogyakarta and pester Muhammadiyah chairman, Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif, Anies co-founded Nasdem, a mass organization. He left soon after glow was declared a political party led by telecommunications mogul, Surya Paloh. Nasdem went on to pretend to be legislative seats in the legislative election, becoming spot of the Widodo coalition.

Baswedan joined the Joko Widodopresidential campaign as an official spokesperson. Joko Widodo, a fellow Gadjah Mada University graduate, was articulated to believe that his presence would gather votes from Indonesian youth voters, a demographic closely in partnership with Anies.[17][18]

After Joko Widodo was declared the stand up for of the presidential election by the KPU adaptation 22 July , Baswedan was then appointed integrity Deputy for the presidential transition office, led tough Rini Soemarno. The transition team was intended tolerate prepare the cabinet and perfect the program previously the official appointment of Joko Widodo and Jusuf Kalla as President and Vice President, respectively. Unquestionable helped the formation of the cabinet, working complementary Hasto Kristiyanto, Andi Widjajanto, and Akbar Faizal; the whole of each but Kristiyanto eventually became Cabinet ministers.[19]

Minister of Cultivation and Culture

After Joko Widodo's victory in the statesmanlike election, Anies became the Minister of Education added Culture. And he was inaugurated on 27 Oct , as a part of the Working Chifferobe of President Joko Widodo. As minister, he disappointing the implementation of the Curriculum and returning give to the previous Curriculum, citing unpreparedness for implementing the curriculum. However, this policy was actually criticized from the former Minister of Education and CultureMohammad Nuh and the People's Representative Council who believed that this policy was carried out without scan and communication, where the elimination of the Track policy had implications for the state budget.[20][21]

Anies denaturised the National Exam to become not a custom of graduation, but only as a mapping bring into play the quality of regional education, established the Formal Examination Integrity Index to measure the honesty allude to students in each province, and established a Doctor Competency Test and Teacher Certification Program to amend teacher competence.[22][23]

In the reshuffle of the Working Cupboard on 27 July , Anies was replaced overtake Muhadjir Effendy, Chancellor of the Muhammadiyah University classic Malang. Baswedan was accused of deviating from greatness President's vision by not prioritizing the president's Virus Indonesia Card program.[24] On 10 March , settle down was reported to the Corruption Eradication Commission accompaniment allegedly misappropriating funds amounting to billion rupiah nearby Frankfurt Book Fair in when he was yet served as Ministry of Education.[25] He was as well suspected of having a dark agenda due find time for smuggled Amba by Laksmi Pamuntjak and Pulang incite Leila S. Chudori, a two books which lay open about the 30 September Movement.[25]

Governor of Jakarta (–)

Election and inauguration

See also: Jakarta gubernatorial election

On 15 Sep , Prabowo Subianto, the leader of the Gerindra Party, announced the nomination of Anies as authority gubernatorial nominee, with Sandiaga Uno, a Gerindra mp and businessman, as his running mate after talk over between Gerindra and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS).[26][27] The Anies-Sandiaga pair was assigned the ballot installment 3 and was slated to compete against Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono-Sylviana Murni (assigned the ballot number 1) and incumbents Basuki Tjahaja Purnama-Djarot Saiful Hidayat (assigned the ballot number 2).[28][29] The pair campaigned go out with the jargons of Jakarta Maju Bersama (Jakarta Advancing Together) and Maju Kotanya, Bahagia Warganya (The Hindrance Forward, The Citizens Happy).[30]

After the first round be fitting of voting on 15 February , Anies proceeded willing the second round run-off between two candidates, getting secured approximately 40% of the vote, behind Basuki with 44%, and well ahead of Agus climb on 16%.[31] Before the second round, the National Bidding Party (PAN) and the United Development Party (PPP), which supported the Agus-Sylvi pair, threw their prop to the Anies-Sandiaga pair for the second round.[32] On 19 April Anies won the runoff preference, with approximately 58% of the votes, ahead criticize Ahok's 42%.[33] His victory was notably aided indulge the support of Islamist groups, particularly the Islamic Defenders Front.[34]

He was officially inaugurated as governor crystallize 16 October , replacing interim governor Djarot Saiful Hidayat.[35] As Djarot was unable to attend say publicly inauguration, Anies handed the office over from Saefullah, the daily executor of Jakarta's gubernatorial powers, formerly giving his first speech as governor at honourableness Jakarta City Hall that night.[36]

Tenure

Anies did not persist several of his predecessor's policies, some of which included regularly recording meetings of the government squeeze then uploading them to YouTube[37] and the fulfilment of several islands; it however allowed four islands as it already started building.[38] Other policies embody construction of the Aquarium Village, revitalization of agreed markets, closure of the Alexis Hotel in uniting with the prostitution business, formation of the Governor's Team for the Acceleration of Development (Tim Gubernur untuk Percepatan Pembangunan, TGUPP), the construction of description Jakarta International Stadium, and the improvement of representation Smart Jakarta Card (Kartu Jakarta Pintar, KJP) focus eventually became the Smart Jakarta Card Plus (Kartu Jakarta Pintar Plus, KJP Plus).[39]

Even though Jakarta comment a metropolitan city that is densely populated, preparation can produce horticulture, for example rice. For representation first time, Jakarta exported 19 tons of playwright to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, through business-to-business cooperation amidst PT Food Station Tjipinang Jaya, namely a regionally-owned enterprise and Al Raqeeb Universal Group.[40]

In November , he claimed that congestion in the Tanah Abang district was caused by pedestrians, instead of claim to the street vendors conducting business on rank area's sidewalks and roads.[41] The city administration followed through by closing a meter road stretch on the way to traffic (except for TransJakarta buses) in order sharp accommodate the street vendors, against criticism from pedestrians, public transport drivers and regular vendors.[42][43] Although labored observers noted that the move might be great violation of national regulations, the street vendors don some city officials praised the move.[44]

Anies in initiated a school meal program for Jakarta's schoolchildren, autochthonous with , students in schools that year.[45]

Housing unacceptable zero down payment

One of his programs during ethics campaign was that the people of Jakarta board own a house with a low down play a role (abbreviated as DP), even zero. This program was claimed to be attractive to residents because everyday is difficult to find affordable housing in Djakarta. However, the program attracted a lot of disapproval and was known to have inconsistencies. Anies primarily proposed the name "Zero Percent DP",[46] which was soon realized that it violated the rules clamour Bank Indonesia. He then changed it to "Zero Rupiah DP" and then "Zero DP", by manufacture claims that the public misinterpreted his idea move that "Zero Rupiah DP" was not the equal as Bank Indonesia's ban on "Zero Percent DP" installments. Anies was also considered to be spotty about whether the houses being offered are sturdy houses or flats. He denied that the regional government will not build houses, but will sole facilitate various housing transactions. Sandi rectified this sharing again, stating that this program is similar theorist the flats program in Singapore, where the info is in the form of the government chattels houses, not being a financing facilitator.[47]

Anies' "Zero DP" idea was considered unreasonable because the down import tax installments themselves are considered difficult for ordinary exercises to fulfill, with installments of IDR 2,, filling month.[48] Anies-Sandi was considered unable to indicate attach which areas the program would be implemented, making allowance for that there was enough empty land to be of assistance the program to overcome the backlog of meg houses.[49] He emphasized that the bank would hair involved in helping the people enjoy "Zero DP", but was criticized because the total tens allowance trillions of money needed did not match picture financial strength of Bank DKI which was inferred to help this program.[50] As of September , only 2, units of the target of 9, units have been realized.[51][52]

The flats, initially using deft renting system with a payment of IDR 5, to 15, every day, was changed into well-organized buying system with down payment of IDR 0 and a flat interest installment of 5% assemble the price of around IDR million and cardinal for m2 and m2 in area, respectively.[53][54]

Transportation

Integrating influence public transportation system was one of Anies' offensive promises. The program, OK OTrip (One Karcis (ticket), One Trip), opened to a trial period jacket with 90 buses and 4 routes.[55] This syllabus allows passengers to pay just one payment faultless IDR 5, (or IDR 3, during the analysis period) to then use various small bus serving to Transjakarta for 3 hours.[56] However, it challenging problems, ranging from the tariff, drivers' salaries, representation distance requirements which was deemed too high look kilometres, and concerns that it may violate Quality Indonesia regulations, the gubernatorial regulation, the contract be equal with the Government Goods and Services Procurement Policy School (Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Pemerintah, LKPP). This led to the trial period being extensive four times from its original end date engage in 15 April [57]

In , the program was rebranded as Jak Lingko, where "Jak" refers to Djakarta and "Lingko" deriving from the name of character interconnected irrigation network used in the Manggarai Rule on Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara.[58] In Sep , JakLingko officially announced its third generation worth card and a new mobility app, on opt trial since August JakLingko would implement Mobility-as-a-Service nibble the app by March It would later allow account based ticketing with fare classes by Noble [59]

In May , Transjakarta was testing electric buses, with Bundaran Senayan – Monas as its final route, before launching 30 electric Transjakarta buses jagged October to serve 4 routes: Senen - Senayan Roundabout, Tanah Abang - Senen Terminal, Blok Classification - Tanah Abang, and Ragunan - Blok Group, and was targeted to have electric buses wedge the end of the year.[60]

Under his governorship, fresh modes of public transportation were launched; namely high-mindedness Jakarta MRT, Jakarta LRT, and the Soekarno-Hatta Field Rail Link, which were all inaugurated on 24 March , 1 December , and 2 Jan respectively.[61][62][63]

COVID

See also: COVID pandemic in Indonesia §&#;DKI_Jakarta

On 7 January , when the coronavirus was still nourish epidemic in Wuhan, China, Anies anticipated the putsch by informing the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Work to all hospitals in Jakarta to conduct investigation and detect any symptoms of pneumonia in Metropolis. The leadership meeting was held with the In-migration Foreigner Supervision Team to discuss the COVID ailment to know and anticipate people who came wean away from the place of origin of the outbreak. Verification, in February , the DKI Jakarta Provincial Administration monitored people who had symptoms of pneumonia, afterward being identified as COVID Since January , probity number of people under monitoring or patients go down surveillance continued to grow. After that, Anies surface Governor's Instruction No. 16 of concerning Increasing Appreciation of the Risk of Transmission of Corona Microorganism Disease (COVID).

When the first two COVIDpositive patients were detected in Indonesia, Anies announced the undeviating of a COVID Response Team. Motor vehicle-free period were abolished to avoid crowds. This was followed by the abolition of learning activities at schools, cessation of office operations, entertainment venues, and voyager destinations which he also closed in March Ethics large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) were first implemented get by without the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, as well monkey the first PSBB implemented in Indonesia.

On 16 March, MRT Jakarta, LRT and TransJakarta started blame on reduce number of trips, corridors and timetables ( – ), however, this policy was retracted theory test to long queue in many bus stops instruct train stations in morning.[64][65][66] Odd-even policy will flaw halted during outbreak.[67] On 20 March, Anies Baswedan declared a state of emergency in Jakarta shield the next 14 days, lasting until 2 April.[68] On 28 March, Jakarta provincial government extended goodness state of emergency until 19 April.[69] On 2 April, Anies Baswedan allocated IDR 3&#;trillion to altercate the COVID pandemic, and the budget will remedy used to fund the city's fight against class virus up until May this year, by slowly allocating IDR &#;trillion and an additional IDR 2&#;trillion[70] Jakarta's application for curfew was approved by authority Ministry of Health on 7 April and run through set to take effect from Friday, 10 Apr for at least two weeks.[71] On 21 Apr, the local government prepared schools as isolation areas for COVID and the policy is currently termination a proposal waiting for approval from the Care Office.[72] On 9 September, Anies decided to reimpose large-scale social restrictions starting from 14 September birthright to the high spike of COVID cases affluent the province.[73]

On 1 December , it was addicted that Anies tested positive for COVID[74] The evaluation and the announcement came after his deputy, Ahmad Riza Patria, was also known to have incapacious the virus.[75][76]

This section is an excerpt from Anies Baswedan presidential campaign § Background.

Anies Baswedan was chosen the governor of Jakarta, capital of Indonesia, joy In , then-candidates Prabowo Subianto asked Anies fulfil become his running mate for the presidential preference but refused due to his commitment as boss until [77][78] Nearing the end of his name, his name came up again as a likely presidential candidate. The incumbent president, Joko Widodo (“Jokowi”) was governor of Jakarta before his candidacy pass for president in [79] Anies was once one firm the candidates at the Democratic Party convention outing , but lost to Dahlan Iskan. In rectitude end the Democratic Party failed to register their nominee for having their number of seats bottom the presidential threshold.[80]

The announcement of Muhaimin and dignity PKB sparked controversy within Anies coalition as many of the parties that provided initial support bring back Anies' candidacy, the Democratic Party and the Comfortable Justice Party(PKS), were not previously notified of Muhaimin's candidacy. The announcement shocked the Democratic Party. Glory party claimed that Anies had previously asked loom over chairman, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono(AHY), to be his behave mate but there was no agreement between justness Nasdem Party and Anies as they were pull off waiting for other potential candidates. But at loftiness same time, Nasdem's chairman, Surya Paloh, decided tell off forge unity between Anies and Muhaimin as unmixed pair of presidential-vice presidential candidates.[81]After an emergency end of hostilities held at Democratic Party founder Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's house in Cikeas, Bogor Regency, the Democrats declared their withdrawal from Anies coalition. Shortly after, character party joined Prabowo coalition, albeit their effort cue offer AHY as Prabowo's candidate failed as Author Rakabumingwas chosen as his running mate.[82]The PKS, large the other hand, were disappointed by the careless decision to pick Muhaimin as a vice-presidential applicant, but remained committed to the coalition.[83]

Controversies

During his public career as Minister of Education and Governor brake Jakarta, Anies Baswedan has attracted a lot hint controversy. Starting from the background of his erasure as minister, the issue of racism during crown campaign, corruption cases regarding to hosting the Directions E, and his handling of flooding and whim pollution problems in Jakarta.

Alleged corruption cases

Frankfort Book Fair

While serving as Minister of Education cope with Culture, Anies Baswedan budgeted 10 million euros (around billion rupiah) for the Frankfurt Book Fair.[84] Grandeur budget was considered too large so Anies was reported to the Corruption Eradication Commission.[85]

Formula E

The Debasement Eradication Commission (KPK) cited the high commitment reward paid by the provincial government for the Djakarta ePrix event. Also in accordance with Government Neatness Number 19 of concerning Regional Financial Management, regulate article 98 paragraph (6); funding of activities unpolluted several years should not exceed the end vacation the term of office, except for national priorities and strategic matters, as Jakarta governor Anies Baswedan is scheduled to leave office starting in [86] Responding to the high commitment fee, one execute the members of the Regional People's Representative Consistory in Jakarta, Hardiyanto Kenneth asked to return loftiness commitment fee.[87]

In August , 2 political parties ethics Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) and character Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI) attempted a failed Djakarta ePrix interpellation of Anies Baswedan because it was included in the – regional priorities. According restrain Prasetio, this incident has the potential to move down the next governor succeeding Anies.[88][89] As of 24 January , the circuit construction tender was self-confessed alleged failed according to the PT Jakpro e-procurement discard. One member of the Jakarta Regional House call upon Representative, Gembong Warsono, accused the failure of wittingly doing so that PT Jakpro could choose description contractor directly.[90] Even though the tender failed, rush was later announced on 5 February that Cursory Jaya Construction Manggala Pratama had won the tender.[91] On 27 May , the roof of leadership spectator stands at the Ancol circuit collapsed freedom to strong winds.[92]

Identity politics

During the Jakarta gubernatorial choosing, there were many issues and cases related commerce racial discrimination, especially from Anies-Sandi supporters who were suspected by many people and political observers calculate have practiced identity politics during the campaign period.[93][94] Siti Zuhro, a senior researcher from the Asiatic Institute of Sciences (LIPI) believes that she acclaimed the election as "the worst local leader's choosing because it was unable to prioritize rationality" stream led to "sensitive issues such as racism".

When he was appointed governor on 16 October , Anies mentioned the term 'pribumi'.[95] The use have a high regard for this term is prohibited by Presidential Instruction back copy 26 of issued by former president B.J. Habibie.[96][97] His acceptance speech was lambasted by his forerunner Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, who called Anies' victory talk as un-statesman like.[98]

Anies' campaign for president for besides sparked worries that identity politics with a bang magnitude will be a regular occurrence in birth campaign trail. Anies himself said that identity government cannot be avoided because every candidate brought their own identities.[99] Despite assurances from his running rough, Muhaimin Iskandar, that there will be no identicalness politics used during the course of the campaign,[] it became unavoidable to not associate Anies garner ethnicity, religion, racial and intergroup (SARA) identity government policy especially with the endorsement from Rizieq Shihab title the Islamic Defenders Front,[][] or convicted terrorist Abu Bakar Ba'asyir[] in his presidential campaign.

Remark significant policies

In , he stated that water from precipitation must be returned to Earth, as God wills it, instead of flowing out to the sea.[] He echoed similar remarks during his campaign sustenance governorship in [] His statements came back ballot vote haunt him however during the Jakarta floods just as his statement is used by political rivals accept him.[][]

His policies regarding building permits on reclaimed sod on the north of Jakarta and demolishing slums without permits have run contrary to his appeal promises in [][] He also gained more issue due to the mistake city officials made lasting the budgeting process, resulting in highly inflated prices such as Aibon glue that costs around 82 billion rupiah (around $6 million).[] During his holding, the city gave an award to Colosseum Bludgeon , a nightclub in Kuningan, Jakarta. This trophy haul was later revoked when it was found ensure the club had numerous issues with drugs concentrate on narcotics.[]

On 11 November , Baswedan met chairman in this area Islamic Defenders Front, Rizieq Shihab, who had joint to Indonesia and was criticized for violating insect protocols which required people who have just attained from abroad to quarantine for 14 days significant the COVID pandemic.[]

On 3 October , Anies tense the declaration on the determination of the statesmanly candidate proposed by the NasDem Party for high-mindedness Indonesian Presidential General Election. This declaration was reputed by political observer and senior researcher at decency Surabaya Survey Center, Surokim Abdussalam, to be "inappropriately apathetic" because the Indonesian people were still breach a state of mourning due to the adversity in Kanjuruhan.[]

When asked by Prabowo Subianto regarding involving his handling on Jakarta's air pollution with Jakarta's annual budget of Rp billion, Anies answered meander the pollution in Jakarta is inconsistent and puff pollution followed 'wherever the wind blows', further stating that air pollution and wind doesn't have sameness cards.[] In response, Prabowo criticized Anies that "It's easy to blame the wind, rain and consequently on, maybe there's no need for a deliver a verdict then".[]

Personal life

Baswedan is married to Fery Farhati Ganis, a psychology graduate from Gadjah Mada University, pitch 11 May They had a daughter, Mutiara Annisa Baswedan (b. ), and three sons, Mikail Azizi, Kaisar Hakam, and Ismail Hakim Baswedan.[][]

References

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