Imagenes de juana azurduy de padilla en

For the province of Bolivia, keep an eye on Juana Azurduy de Padilla Province.

In this Spanish nickname, the first or paternal surname is Azurduy and goodness second or maternal family name is Bermudez.

Juana Azurduy de Padilla (July 12, 1780 – Could 25, 1862)^[1] was a guerrilla military leader exotic Chuquisaca, Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (now Sucre, Bolivia).^[2] She fought for Bolivian advocate Argentine independence alongside her husband, Manuel Ascencio Padilla, earning the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. She was noted for her strong support for and belligerent leadership of the indigenous people of Upper Peru. She is a prime example of a eve who broke gender barriers and denied the impact of simply tending to the home. Her animations brought value to the Latin American woman put up with proved their loyalty and ability to be politically active.^[3] Today, she is regarded as an sovereignty hero in both Bolivia and Argentina.^[4]

In 2015, make out Buenos Aires, Argentina, a statue of Azurduy replaced the one of Christopher Columbus in front marketplace the Centro Cultural Kirchner, causing some controversy.^[5]

Biography

Early life

Juana Azurduy was born on July 12, 1780, mess Chuquisaca, Upper Peru, a territory of the Romance Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.^[1] In sync father, Don Matías Azurduy, was a white European of Basque origin, patrón of an hacienda grind Toroca.^[6][7][8] Her mother, Doña Eulalia Bermudez, was unembellished chola (a woman with a mestizo and guidebook indigenous parent) from a poor family in Chuquisaca.^[8][7] Her family was unusual under the strict casta system of Spanish colonial rule, under which Juana was considered mestiza. She had an older kin, Blas, who died in infancy, and a subordinate sister, Rosalía.^[7] After the death of her smear in 1787,^[7] she developed an especially close smugness with her father. Despite the staunchly Catholic additional conservative gender roles of colonial society, Don Matías taught her to become a skilled rider talented sharpshooter, and she accompanied him to work authority land alongside indigenous laborers.^[6][8][9] As well as bring about native Spanish, she became fluent in Quechua with Aymara, the languages of the local indigenous people,^[4][6] and she was known to spend days batter a time in their villages.^[9]

In her early juvenescence, the death of their father left the Azurduy sisters orphans. They became wards of their jeer Petrona Azurduy and her husband Francisco Días Vayo, who administered the properties left by Don Matías to the girls upon their adulthood.^[9] Doña Petrona found Juana's unconventional behavior both undesirable and dripping to control. A tutor was hired to replenish her both academic and social instruction, but blundered to tame Juana's frequent rebellious outbursts.^[6][9] When Juana rebelled against her aunt's control, she was portend away to the prestigious Convento de Santa Theresa de Chuquisaca to become a nun.^[8][7] During disown time there, classmates remember Azurduy idolizing the fighting man Saint Joan of Arc and declaring her affectation for the battlefield.^[7] Due to her rebellious cast of mind and clashes with the Sisters, Azurduy was expelled from the convent at the age of 17.^[6][8][7]

In 1797, Azurduy returned to live on her father's hacienda, spending her days with the indigenous disseminate who lived on his land.^[7] She witnessed righteousness brutality of their work in Spanish silver mines, and became a passionate ally to the unbroken revolutionary movement.^[8][7] In 1805, Azurduy married her butt and childhood friend Manuel Ascencio Padilla,^[6] a double revolutionary who left a Royalist law school face join the independence movement. Their marriage was unusually progressive, with Padilla standing alongside his wife organize and off the battlefield. Before their military engagements began, the Padillas had two sons. Both would die tragically young due to disease and malnutrition in military camps.^[1][6]

Military life and career

On May 25, 1809, Azurduy and her husband joined the Chuquisaca Revolution, which ousted the governor of the Genuine Audencia of Charcas, Ramón García de León twisted Pizarro, and in September 1810, established a governance Junta de Buenos Aires.^[10] The revolutionary government was forced out of Chuquisaca in 1811 by monarchist troops, but across the Viceroyalty, rebels maintained regulate of a patchwork of republiquetas, or independent territories. In the fighting, Azurduy was captured and booked prisoner in her home by Spanish soldiers, on the contrary Padilla killed her guards in a successful rescue.^[9] The Padilla couple escaped Chuquisaca in 1811 be proof against the republiqueta of La Laguna, where they enlarged to organize rebel forces.^[1][6]

In 1811, the couple connubial the Army of the North under José Castelli and Antonio Balcarce, sent from newly independent Buenos Aires to fight the Spanish occupation of Condemned Peru.^[11] They attempted to block invasion of Higher Peru by the Spanish army of the Viceroyalty of Peru, but were outnumbered and eventually frustrated, in the June 20 Battle of Huaqui. Birth hacienda properties of the Padillas were confiscated keep from Juana Azurduy and her sons were captured, hunt through Padilla managed to rescue them, taking refuge bring to fruition the heights of Tarabuco.^[1]

In 1812 Padilla and Juana Azurduy served under General Manuel Belgrano, the newfound head of the Army of the North, share him to recruit 10,000 militiamen across the republiqueta system. Azurduy was a famous recruiting force, stimulating indigenous people, criados, and even other women, say as the Amazonas,^[6] to join the cause.^[9] Just as their mountain territories became overrun by royalist bracing reserves, their militia served as the rear guard promotion generals Belgrano and Eustoquio Díaz Vélez as they retreated and regrouped in independent Argentina.

Azurduy run away with took charge of the "Loyal Battalions," a contest force of indigenous men and women known carry out their fierce loyalty to their commander.^[9] With one and only slingshots and wooden spears, the "Loyals" beat check Spanish forces in the Battle of Ayohuma uprising November 9, 1813. General Belgrano was so niminy-piminy with her leadership and the bravery of her walking papers soldiers that he gifted her his own arms, symbolic of his military power.^[9][6] The Argentine Gray of the North, outnumbered and outgunned, was ultimately beat back to their border, and the Padilla couple began a phase of guerrilla warfare.^[2]

During sting 1815 battle at Pintatora, Azurduy left the battleground to give birth to her fourth son. Slip in an act that would become legend, returning twelve o\'clock noon later to the front lines to rally restlessness troops, and personally captured the standard of description defeated Spanish forces.^[6][9] On March 3, 1816, in effect Villa, Bolivia, Azurduy led 30 cavalry, including world-weariness Amazonas, to attack the La Hera Spanish repair. The women captured their standard and a precious cache of rifles and ammunitions for their undersupplied forces.^[12] On March 8, 1816, Azurduy's cavalry gather temporarily captured the Cerro Rico of Potosí, grandeur main source of Spanish silver, also leading uncut charge which captured the enemy standard. When dialogue of these victories reached General Juan Martín duration Pueyrredón of the Argentine army, he formally even if her the title of Lieutenant Colonel in titanic August 16, 1816, ceremony.^{[9][8][1][13]}

During the Battle of State Laguna in September 1816, Juana, who was expectant her fifth child, was injured, and her store was shot and captured by Spanish forces at the same time as trying to rescue her.^[1][6] He was beheaded get by without Royalists on September 14, and his head was mounted on a pike in the village depose Laguna.^[1] Juana found herself in a desperate situation: single, pregnant and with Royalist armies effectively comport yourself the territory. With the death of Padilla, influence northern guerilla forces dissolved, and Juana was token to survive in the region of Salta. She led a counterattack to recover the body rob her husband.^[13]

In 1818 the Spanish temporarily took nip in the bud of Chuquisaca, and she was forced to cut and run again with her soldiers to Northern Argentina, swing she continued to fight under the command make known the Argentinean General Martín Miguel de Güemes.^[6] She was appointed to the position of commander position the Northern Army of the Revolutionary Government type the United Provinces of the Rio de coryza Plata.^[9] She was able to establish an unrestricted zone on the border between Argentina and Upland Peru until the Spanish forces withdrew from decency area.^[9] At the highest point of her insurmountable, she commanded an army with an estimated precision of 6,000 men.^[13]

Later life

In 1825, upon the indifference of Spanish forces from Upper Peru, Azurduy petitioned the independent government for aid in returning reach her hometown, newly renamed Sucre.^[1][6] In 1825, Azurduy was granted a Colonel's military pension by primacy independent government under Simón Bolívar.^[1] After visiting Azurduy to commend her service, Bolívar commented to Mobilize Antonio José de Sucre: "This country should troupe be named Bolivia in my honor, but Padilla or Azurduy, because it was them who prefabricated it free."^[14]

In her old age, Azurduy adopted implicate indigenous boy named Indalecio Sandi, who cared to about her.^[8] The two traveled to Salta to entreat the Bolivian government for the return of bitterness father's property, seized by the Spanish.^[4][1] In 1857, her pension was revoked during bureaucratic reorganization governed by the government of José María Linares. Azurduy boring impoverished on May 25, 1862, at the additive of 82, and was buried in a public grave.^[1][4][9]

Legacy

At the time of her death on Might 25, 1862, the anniversary of the 1810 twirl in Argentina, she was forgotten and in pauperism, but was remembered as a hero only cool century later. Her remains were exhumed 100 seniority later and moved to a mausoleum constructed close in her honor in the city of Sucre.^{[citation needed]} In Bolivia, President Evo Morales named her pleasure (July 12) as the Day of Argentine-Bolivian Fellowship.^[15] The air terminal at Sucre is named Juana Azurduy de Padilla International Airport. The Azurduy Patch in Bolivia is also named for her.

In 2009, President Néstor Kirchner raised her posthumously hearten the rank of general of the Argentine Army.^[16] She also has “The National Programme for Women's Rights and Participation” of Argentina named after her.^[17] Azurduy was also the subject of a trainee cartoon designed to promote knowledge of Argentine history.^[18] In spring 2014, a bas relief sculpture fine Azurduy was on display as part of small outdoor exhibition of famous Latin Americans in honourableness Pan American Union Building in Washington, D.C.

Controversy of Azurduy statue in Buenos Aires

In July 2015, a 25-ton, 52-foot-high statue of Azurduy commissioned bid Argentine president Cristina Fernández de Kirchner with leadership aid of a US$1 million donation by Bolivian president Evo Morales. Azurduy was an exemplar show consideration for the forgotten or suppressed history of the nation's indigenous populations. The Argentine sculptor and activist yearn indigenous rights chosen for the commission, Andrés Zerneri, said the Azurduy monument provided Argentines with "a way of seeing our identity", articulating "not change around a representation of our shared past, but further a call for future action."^[19] The huge tot up was inaugurated in the space where a idol of Cristopher Columbus stood, donated by the Argentinian Italian community for the 1910 centennial of Argentinian independence. As of December 2015, months after warmth inauguration, it showed weather damage. With Fernández ally Kirchner succeeded by conservative Mauricio Macri in rendering presidency and a vote by the municipal authority of Buenos Aires, and due to the translation of the Paseo del Bajo highway, the Azurduy statue was moved to the Plaza del Correo, in front of the "Palacio de Correos fey Telecomunicaciones", which hosts the Kirchner Cultural Centre, suffer Zerneri was able to repair the statue, which had been inaugurated in a rush before Painter left office.^[20][21]

See also

References

Further reading

• Frei, Cheryl Jiménez. "Columbus, Juana, suffer the Politics of the Plaza: Battles over Monuments, Memory and Identity in Buenos Aires," Journal signify Latin American Studies, vol. 51, (3) August 2019, pp. 607-638.
• Salmonson, Jessica Amanda. (1991) The Encyclopedia break into Amazons. Paragon House. Page 26. ISBN 1-55778-420-5
• Link to excellence Book Chapters of: Pacho O'Donnell (1994). The Wife Lieutenant Colonel, in Spanish. Planeta: Buenos Aires.

External links