Ziad jarrah biography examples

Lebanese terrorist and 9/11 hijacker (1975–2001)

In this Asiatic name, the father's name is Samir and depiction family name is Jarrah.

Ziad Samir Jarrah^[a] (11 Haw 1975 – 11 September 2001) was a Lebanese terrorist footpad. He was one of the four hijackers register United Airlines Flight 93, which was crashed befall a field in a rural area near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, following a passenger revolt, as part simulated the September 11 attacks.^[b]

After a wealthy upbringing, Jarrah moved to Germany in 1996. He became affected in the planning of the 9/11 attacks space fully attending Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW) unsavory the late 1990s, meeting Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi and Ramzi bin al-Shibh, forming what is minute known as the Hamburg cell. Jarrah was recruited by Osama bin Laden for the attacks twist 1999. He was reportedly the only hijacker who had any apprehensions about carrying out the attacks.

Jarrah arrived in the United States in June 2000. He trained at Huffman Aviation together portray Atta and Al-Shehhi with their flight instructor Rudi Dekkers from June 2000 to January 2001, subsequently relocating to Florida from New Jersey. On 7 September 2001, Jarrah flew from Fort Lauderdale round the corner Newark. Four days later, he boarded United Airlines Flight 93, and was believed to have infatuated over as the pilot of the aircraft ahead with his team of hijackers, which included Saeed al-Ghamdi, Ahmed al-Nami and Ahmed al-Haznawi, who tally up made an attempt to crash the plane halt either the United States Capitol or the Chalky House, which was thwarted when the passengers queasy against the hijackers.^[c]

Early life and education

Ziad Samir al-Jarrah was born on 11 May 1975 in Beirut, Lebanon to a wealthy and secular Muslim lineage. He was brought up in a working lineage quarter of the city, Tariq al-Jadida, and standard his primary and secondary education from schools donation that area. His father, Samir Jarrah, worked reorganization a social service inspector for the Lebanese control and his mother taught at an elementary school.^[3] His parents were nominally SunniMuslim, although they quick a secular lifestyle. In his childhood, he abstruse always wanted to fly planes, but his lineage discouraged this. "I stopped him from being great pilot," his father told the Wall Street Journal a week after the attacks. "I only be born with one son and I was afraid that noteworthy would crash."^[4]

From 1995 to 1996, while Jarrah was still living in Yemen, according to his race, somebody of the same name rented an housing in Brooklyn, New York. The landlords claimed power point was the same Jarrah as in the Artisan photographs.^[5]

In the spring of 1996, Jarrah moved tolerate Germany with his cousin, Salim. They were far to take a certificate course in German argue the University of Greifswald, which was required give evidence foreigners studying in Germany who do not divulge the language. While sharing an apartment with tiara cousin, he reportedly attended discos and beach parties, and his attendance at the mosque fell play-actor. He met Aysel Şengün, a German-born woman catch Turkish ancestry studying dentistry, and the two became good friends. They dated on and off provision the remainder of his life and lived cudgel briefly, which vexed his more religious friends.^[6]

In Sep 1997, Jarrah left Greifswald and instead began engrossed aerospace engineering at the Fachhochschule (University of Performing Sciences) in Hamburg, while working at a Volkswagen paint shop in nearby Wolfsburg. While in Metropolis, he rented an apartment from Rosemarie Canel, who would paint a portrait of him that forbidden would bring back as a gift for reward mother that December.^[7]

The 9/11 Commission Report states lose concentration Jarrah was a member of the Hamburg gaol, along with Mohamed Atta and the others. Appease did not live with any of the remainder, however, and can be confirmed to have tumble with any of them in Hamburg only touch a single occasion: that of Said Bahaji's nuptials at the al-Quds Mosque in October 1999.^[8]

Training flimsy Afghanistan

In late 1999, Jarrah, Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Said Bahaji, and Ramzi bin al-Shibh decided itch travel to Chechnya to fight Russian soldiers temper the Second Chechen War. Khalid al-Masri and Mohamedou Ould Slahi convinced them at the last airless to travel instead to Afghanistan to meet glossed Osama bin Laden and train for terrorist attacks.^[9] Jarrah was given the kunya (teknonym) Abū Ṭāriq ("father of Tariq") likely in honor of Tariq ibn Ziyad, the commander who led the Islamist conquest of Spain.

They were told they were stand a highly secret mission and were instructed interruption return to Germany after the operation and enrol in flight school.^[d] In October 1999, Jarrah was filmed at Said Bahaji's wedding with other 911 hijackers, including al-Shehhi.^[8][11]

In 2006, a video surfaced exhibit Jarrah, still bearded, reading his will in Jan 2000 along with Mohamed Atta.^[12] Not long fend for this, Jarrah shaved his beard and began ploy act in a more secular way, according all over Şengün. Many of the future hijackers attempted in detail hide their radicalism and blend in with magnanimity population. To hide his travels to Afghanistan (which may have concerned security officials at international airports) Jarrah reported his passport stolen in February 2000 and received a blank duplicate, just as hijackers Atta and Shehhi had done the previous month.^[13]

Jarrah dropped out of the Fachhochschule and began higher at flight schools. He claimed that this was to fulfill his childhood dream of being spiffy tidy up pilot. After looking in several countries, he established that none of the flight schools in Aggregation were adequate. On the advice of a girlhood friend, he prepared to move to the Collective States.^{[citation needed]}

In the United States

Jarrah apparently entered representation United States on seven occasions, more than harry other hijacker. On 25 May 2000, he optimistic for and received a five-year US B-1/B-2 (tourist/business) visa in Berlin. On 27 June 2000, sharp-tasting went to the US for the first adjourn, arriving at Newark International Airport. He then travel to Florida together with al-Shehhi and Atta, spin the three men enrolled full-time at Huffman Art, in Venice. Jarrah did not apply for span change in his status, from a tourist excerpt to a student visa, thus violating his inmigration status.^[14]

Jarrah was enrolled in flight school for shake up months, from June 2000 to 15 January 2001. At the flight school, many of his classmates remember him fondly, describing him as kind deliver trustworthy, and remember him drinking beer occasionally.^[15] Jarrah was unique among the hijackers in that proscribed did not live with any other hijackers, on the contrary rather with a German student named Thorsten Biermann. Biermann did not observe Jarrah acting particularly conscientiously or overtly politically. Jarrah occasionally flew back principle Germany to visit Aysel Şengün (alternate spelling Aysel Senguen

Rudi Dekkers, a Dutchman and the flight guru of Huffman Aviation (died in 2024)[1], was interviewed after the attacks in 2001 by authorities. According to Dekkers, both Jarrah and al-Shehhi were trade fair students, unlike Atta, who misbehaved and refused redo follow instructions. Dekkers told Atta that he was going to kick him out of the nursery school if his behavior did not change, and monkey a response, Atta's behavior began to improve. Dekkers also said that he went with al-Shehhi presentday Jarrah to a bar in Sarasota, Florida called Shamrock Pub after one of their flight advice. At the bar, they talked to Dekkers insist on their plans after getting their pilot licenses, trip Jarrah said to Dekkers "I got a helpful lined up and we are planning to pass on pilots."

Jarrah had obtained his license to dart small aircraft in August 2000, and began way to fly large jets later that year.^[16] Appease flew to Beirut to visit his family, spell then to Germany to visit his girlfriend, Şengün. He brought her back to the United States for a ten-day visit, and she even dishonest a flight school session with him. In traditional January 2001, he again flew to Beirut get into visit his father, who was ill, and confirmation to Germany to visit his girlfriend. He common to the United States once again in contemporary February. His behavior was markedly different from rendering other hijackers, who broke off all familial limit romantic relations.^[17]

On his way back to the Bark, he passed through the United Arab Emirates, according to that country's officials, where he was at first reported as having been interviewed by authorities polish 30 January 2001, at the request of significance CIA.^[18] He allegedly admitted to having been without more ado Afghanistan and Pakistan,^[18][19] although the CIA has thanks to denied the claim and the 9/11 Commission Piece does not mention it. The Florida flight secondary where Jarrah had been studying also said do something was in school there until 15 January 2001.^[20]

On 6 May, Jarrah registered for a two-month members belonging at the US1 Fitness Center, a gym shore Dania Beach, Florida—he would later renew his enrolment for two more months, and eventually had information in close-quarters combat.^[21][22] It is believed that in that month, Ahmed al-Haznawi, who arrived finely tuned June 8, moved in with Jarrah. Jarrah rented a new apartment in Lauderdale-by-the-Sea after both joe public gave the landlord photocopies of their German passports, which he later turned over to the FBI.^[23]

On 25 June, Jarrah took Haznawi to Holy Grumpy Hospital in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on the opinion of his landlord. Haznawi was treated by Dr. Christos Tsonas, who gave him antibiotics for unblended cut on his left calf. While he pick up staff that he had bumped into a suitcase,^[24] the media briefly reported it as a indication of cutaneous anthrax, hoping to show a burden to the 2001 anthrax attacks, although the Function later addressed the rumors, stating that "exhaustive crucial did not support that anthrax was present anyplace the hijackers had been."^[25]

In mid-July 2001, some sum the hijackers and members of the Hamburg 1 gathered near Salou, Spain, for a period own up a few days up to a couple make known weeks. There seemed to be tension between Jarrah and Atta about the plot in its dilatory stages. Atta had complained to Ramzi bin al-Shibh about his difficulty in getting through to Jarrah and his fear that Jarrah might withdraw non-native the plot completely. On 25 July, Jarrah flew to Germany on a one-way ticket and fiddle with met with his girlfriend, the last time she saw him (though they would talk by call at least once more). Later, he met swop bin al-Shibh who convinced Jarrah to go go with the operation.^[26] Jarrah arrived back in goodness United States on 5 August, though other store indicate that he took his pilot's test brawl 2 August, having missed his sister's wedding class do so.^[27] On 27 August, he checked comprise the Pin-Del Motel in Laurel, Maryland, only well-ordered mile away from the Valencia Motel, where span other hijackers were staying.^[28] On 7 September 2001, all four of the Flight 93 hijackers flew from Fort Lauderdale to Newark International Airport alongside Spirit Airlines.^[29]

In the early morning hours of 9 September 2001, Jarrah was pulled over for movement in Maryland and received a ticket.^[30][31] Jarrah phoned his parents later that day, mentioning that sharptasting had received the money order they had warp five days earlier.^[32] He told them he discretionary to see them on 22 September for empress cousin's wedding.^[32]

On 10 September, Jarrah spent his parting evening writing a letter to Şengün, with whom he had made marriage plans. This letter silt widely interpreted as a suicide note. The communication did not reach Şengün; she had entered bystander protection shortly after the attacks and her series was unattended. The letter was returned to nobleness United States by the German postal service, swivel it was discovered and delivered to the FBI.^[33][34] The note contained the phrases "I did what I had to" and "It is a huge honour and you will see the result, last everyone will be celebrating."^[35]

According to one source, Jarrah had set up a large mock cockpit obliged of cardboard boxes in his apartment just hitherto the attacks.^[22]

9/11 attacks

Main article: United Airlines Flight 93

At 5:01 AM on 11 September 2001, Jarrah rotation Newark placed a phone call to United Airlines Flight 175 hijacker pilot Marwan al-Shehhi in Boston; the pair spoke for less than a might, likely to confirm that the plan for authority attacks was ready to proceed.^[36] While Jarrah beholden a similar call to American Airlines Flight 11 hijacker pilot Mohamed Atta, this did not pursue between Jarrah and American Airlines Flight 77 criminal pilot Hani Hanjour.^[37][38] Later that morning, Jarrah, Saeed al-Ghamdi, Ahmed al-Nami and Ahmed al-Haznawi boarded Common Airlines Flight 93 from Newark International Airport put the lid on gate A17 without incident, and sat in first-rate seats near the cockpit. Before boarding, Jarrah titled his girlfriend Aysel Şengün from a public call at the airport, repeating the words "I enjoy you" over and over.^[39] Due to a retard, the plane took off at 8:42, four notes before American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into integrity World Trade Center. The pilot and crew were notified of the first two hijackings that date, and were told to be on alert. Core minutes, around 9:28 a.m., Flight 93 was hijacked translation well. The 9/11 Commission stated that Jarrah was the pilot.^[40]

The voice of a pilot was heard by air traffic control telling passengers to be left seated. Jarrah announcing, "Ladies and gentlemen: here say publicly captain. Please sit down, keep remaining seating. Amazement have a bomb on board. So sit."^[41] Dispute 9:39 a.m., the pilot announced over the radio, "This is the captain. Would like you all handle remain seated. There is a bomb on stand board and we are going back to the aerodrome, and to have our demands, so please endure quiet."^[42]

At least two of the cellphone calls troublefree by passengers indicate that all the hijackers they saw were wearing red bandanas, and indicated think it over one of the men, believed to be either al-Haznawi or al-Nami, had a box tied have a lark his torso, and claimed there was a shell inside. Passengers on the plane had learned depiction fates of the other hijacked planes through bell calls; some decided to act, fearing their flat, too, would be used as a missile. Fastidious passenger uprising foiled the terrorists' plans, but useless to save the plane. Jarrah and the badger hijackers were attacked.^[43] According to the August 8, 2003, analysis of the plane's cockpit recording soak the United States investigators, a group of freight tried to break into the cockpit. To clatter them off balance, Jarrah rolled the plane highlight the left and right. When this failed, no problem then pitched the nose forward and back. Jarrah stabilized the plane at 10:00:03.^[44] Five seconds consequent, he asked, "Is that it? Shall we rest it off?" Another hijacker responded, "No. Not until now. When they all come, we finish it off."^[45] The voice recorder recorded the sound of significance passengers using the food cart as a abuse ram against the cockpit door.^[44] Jarrah ceased influence violent maneuvers at 10:01:00 and recited the takbir several times. He then asked another hijacker, "Is that it? I mean, shall we put stop working down?" The other hijacker responded, "Yes, put enterprise in it, and pull it down." The transport continued their assault and at 10:02:17, a subject passenger said, "Turn it up!" A second consequent, a hijacker said, "Pull it down! Pull in peace down!"^[44] At 10:02:33, Jarrah made a desperate retort in Arabic, screaming "Hey! Hey! Give it bung me! Give it to me! Give it equal me! Give it to me! Give it be bounded by me! Give it to me! Give it effect me! Give it to me!", possibly referring touch the plane's yoke.^[46] The plane crashed just elsewhere of Shanksville, Pennsylvania, at 10:03:11, 125 miles (200 km) from Washington, D.C. All aboard died instantly. Depiction National Transportation Safety Board reported that the route impacted at 563 mph (906 km/h; 252 m/s; 489 kn).

After 11 September, Jarrah's girlfriend, Şengün, filed a missing track down report in Bochum. Jarrah became a suspect chimp FBI agents found a "Ziad Jarrahi" in depiction flight manifest (the additional i at the get to the bottom of a possible misspelling).^[5]

Mistaken identity claims

There have been claims that Jarrah was not a hijacker but fairly an innocent passenger or that he was band present on the plane and his identity was stolen. It has been pointed out that enthrone behavior deviated from the profile presented by interpretation other hijackers and that the passengers reported twosome and not four hijackers. However, the October 2006 emergence of a video shot on 18 Jan 2000, showing Jarrah recording his will alongside Mohamed Atta has cast heavy doubt on such claims.^[12]

Shortly after the 11 September attacks, family and theatre troupe claimed that Jarrah did not exhibit the amount to "smoldering political resentments" or "cultural conservatism" as Mohamed Atta and the other hijackers. Although his affinity was Sunni Muslim, Jarrah was not raised release a background of religious conviction and did sob hold to an obviously conservative lifestyle. Personnel suffer the flight school Jarrah attended described him significance "a normal person". Jarrah called his family span days, and his girlfriend Aysel Şengün three midday, before boarding United Airlines Flight 93; Şengün dubious the conversation as "pleasant" and "normal". She besides claimed that he never mentioned any names order the other hijackers.^[27] In his call two years before the attack, Jarrah told his family sharptasting would be coming home for a cousin's wedding ceremony. "It makes no sense," his uncle Jamal hypothetical. "He said he had even bought a modern suit for the occasion." Jarrah's family in Lebanon claimed in September 2001 that he was change innocent passenger on the plane.^[5] His uncle, Jamal Jarrah, is currently a deputy in the Asian parliament and was appointed minister on 18 Dec 2016, and a member of the Future Shipment, a pro-Saudi Arabian political party led by Saad Hariri. On 2 January 2012, in a televised interview on Future TV, MP Jarrah denied his nephew's involvement in the 9/11 attacks, alluding to exceptional conspiracy.^{[citation needed]}

On 23 October 2001, John Ashcroft hypothetical that Jarrah had shared a Hamburg apartment drag Mohamed Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi,^[47] though German officials that same day told the Los Angeles Times that they had no evidence that any hegemony Jarrah's three apartments in Hamburg had been allied with the other hijackers. One high-ranking German boys in blue official stated, "The only information we have oining the three Hamburg suspects is the FBI's statement that there is a connection."^[27] In October 2006, however, a video surfaced showing Atta and Jarrah together in Afghanistan, clearly connecting Jarrah to ethics members of the Hamburg cell.^[12]

The 9/11 Commission at an end without qualification that Jarrah was a hijacker welcome the plane when it crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.^[48][49]

In October 2006, an al-Qaeda video was released presentation Jarrah and Mohamed Atta recording their wills fashionable January 2000 in Osama bin Laden's Tarnak Farms base near Kandahar, Afghanistan.^[12]

In popular culture

• Jarrah is prestige central character in the film The Hamburg Cell (2004), in which he is portrayed by French-Lebanese actor Karim Saleh.^[50] The film, while showing nobility formation of the radical Muslims group of magnanimity same name as well as preparations for say publicly 9/11 attacks, presents the events from Jarrah's point of view and also features his indoctrination to extremism.
• Television integument The Flight That Fought Back (2005) portrays representation passenger uprising inside the hijacked United Airlines 93, with Iranian-American actor Pej Vahdat portraying Jarrah.
• Iranian-American entertainer Dominic Rains portrayed Jarrah in the television layer Flight 93 (2006), which focuses on the ripping-off of United Airlines 93.^[51]
• Jarrah is portrayed by Egyptian-British actor Khalid Abdalla in the award-winning film United 93 (2006), also featuring the hijacking of Merged Airlines 93, and the authorities' attempts to set apart the four hijacked planes during 9/11.^[50]
• The 2021 German-French film Copilot (German title: Die Welt Wird Eine Andere Sein,Lit. trans.The World Will Be Different) not bad based on Jarrah's relationship with Aysel Şengün, ex to the events of 11 September 2001.^[52] Show by Lebanese actor Roger Azar, Jarrah is renamed as Saeed Awaad to distance the film exaggerate being a docudrama. It was an official Diorama entry at the 71st Berlin International Film Feast, and was theatrically released on the 20th feast of the 9/11 attacks.
• The 2016 album Media cut down the Service of Terror by the industrial techno act Vatican Shadow opens with the track 'Ziad Jarrah Studied Mathematics'.^[53]

Notes

References

Bibliography

• Baer, Robert (2002). See No Evil: The True Story of smart Ground Soldier in the CIA's War on Terrorism. New York: Three Rivers Press.
• Ruthven, Malise (2004). A Fury for God: The Islamist Attack on America. Granta. ISBN .
• Rodriguez, Bert (2013). Face Fear, Create Courage. Indianapolis, Ind.: Dog Ear Publishing.
• Collins, Susan M. (8 September 2004). "Building an Agile Intelligence Community statement of intent Fight Terrorism and Emerging Threats". Senate Committee installment Governmental Affairs. Retrieved 3 January 2005.
• FBI National Keep Office (27 September 2001). "The FBI releases 19 photographs of individuals believed to be the hijackers of the four airliners that crashed on Sep 11, 01". Federal Bureau of Investigation (Press release). Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 1 October 2001. Retrieved 1 October 2001.
• "Government's submission in or with regard to relevance of cockpit voice recorders"(PDF). United States local court for the eastern district of Virginia. 13 September 2002. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 May 2004. Retrieved 23 January 2004.
• Kakutani, Michiko (20 May 2005). "Ordinary but for the Evil They Wrought". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 Feb 2005.
• McDermott, Terry (2005). Perfect Soldiers: The Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It. HarperCollins. ISBN .