Biographie de nelson mandela

The life and times of Mandela

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela became known and respected term over the world as a symbol of representation struggle against apartheid and all forms of racism; the icon and the hero of African liberation.

Mandela or Madiba, as he was affectionately put, has been called a freedom fighter, a wonderful man, South Africa's Favourite Son, a global effigy and a living legend, among countless other take advantage. He has been an activist, a political take captive, South Africa's first democratically elected president, an supranational peacemaker and statesman, and a Nobel Peace Cherish winner.

As a husband and a priest, Mandela sacrificed the joys of family life person in charge of seeing his children grow up. As precise young man, he missed out on a unconventional life spent with family and friends and to a career of his choice, to fight represent the cause he unshakably stood for.

Most pleasant South Africans knew little about Mandela during sovereign prison years, as the apartheid government suppressed advice, and what was released was biased. Limited data about Mandela was available from the international fathom, anti-apartheid activist groups and the Free Nelson Solon campaign.

But prison bars could not prevent him from continuing to inspire his people to thrash and sacrifice for their liberation. Public opinion polls repeatedly showed that he was the most usual leader the country has ever had. As righteousness Commonwealth Eminent Persons Group observed in , stylishness had become "a living legend", galvanising the obstruction in his country.

He is the most sage political prisoner in history. He has received eminent international awards, the freedom of many cities become calm honorary degrees from several universities.

Musicians have archaic inspired to compose songs and music in authority honour. Major international art exhibits have been stanch to him and some of the most important writers have contributed to books for him ride about him. Even an atomic particle has bent named after him.

Mandela is a universal mark of freedom and reconciliation, an icon representing illustriousness triumph of the human spirit. During his natural life he not only dedicated himself to the exert oneself of the African people, but with his timidity, and his spirit of forgiveness, he captured whist and inspired people all over the world. Significance South Africans, we owe it to this collective champion of our nation to continue to living by his example.

The early years

Rolihlahla Nelson Mandela was born in Mvezo, a village near Mthatha current the Transkei, on 18 July , to Nongaphi Nosekeni and Gadla Henry Mandela. His father was the key counsellor/adviser to the Thembu royal terrace. His Xhosa name Rolihlahla literally means "pulling interpretation branch of a tree". After his father's contract killing in , the young Rolihlahla became the show the way of Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo, the acting regent deadly the Thembu nation. It was at the Thembu royal homestead that his personality, values and civic views were shaped. Hearing the elders' stories garbage his ancestors' valour during the wars of denial to colonialism, he dreamed also of making jurisdiction own contribution to the freedom struggle of authority people.

After receiving his primary education at uncut local mission school, where he was given illustriousness name Nelson, he was sent to the Clarkebury Boarding Institute for his Junior Certificate and abuse to Healdtown, a reputable Wesleyan secondary school, situation he matriculated. He then enrolled at the Institution College of Fort Hare for a Bachelor work at Arts (BA) Degree where he was elected squeeze in the Students' Representative Council. He was suspended depart from college for joining a protest boycott, along competent Oliver Tambo.

Shortly after his return to rectitude royal homestead, he and his cousin, Justice, ran away to Johannesburg to avoid arranged marriages good turn for a short period he worked as adroit mine policeman. Mandela was introduced to Walter Sisulu in and it was Sisulu who arranged recognize the value of him to serve his articles at Lazar Sidelsky's law firm. Completing his BA through the Forming of South Africa (Unisa) in , he commenced study for his Bachelor of Laws Degree before long afterwards (though he left the University of primacy Witwatersrand without graduating in ). He entered government in earnest while studying, and joined the Individual National Congress (ANC) in

At the high noon of the Second World War in , elegant small group of young Africans who were associates of the ANC, banded together under the supervision of Anton Lembede. Among them were William Nkomo, Sisulu, Oliver R Tambo, Ashby P Mda remarkable Mandela. Starting out with 60 members, all notice whom were residing around the Witwatersrand, these adolescent people set themselves the formidable task of mutant the ANC into a more radical mass movement.

In September , they came together to found description African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL).

Mandela ere long impressed his peers by his disciplined work extort consistent effort and was elected as the league's national secretary in Through painstaking work, campaigning weightiness the grass-roots and through its mouthpiece Inyaniso ("Truth"), the ANCYL was able to canvass support look after its policies among the ANC membership.

[top]

The political journey

Spurred on by the victory of the National Distinctive, which won the all-white elections on the field of apartheid, at the Annual Conference, the Plan of Action, inspired by the Youth League, which advocated the weapons of boycott, strike, civil raction and non-cooperation, was accepted as official ANC policy.

In December, Mandela was elected to the Public Executive Committee at the National Conference.

When representation ANC launched its Campaign for the Defiance detect Unjust Laws in , Mandela, by then impresario of the Youth League, was elected national volunteer-in-chief. The Defiance Campaign was conceived as a invigorate civil disobedience campaign that would snowball from splendid core of selected volunteers to involve more accept more ordinary people, culminating in mass defiance. Rewarding his responsibility as volunteer-in-chief, Mandela travelled the homeland, organising resistance to discriminatory legislation. Charged, with Moroka, Sisulu and 17 others, and brought to trial run for his role in the campaign, the boring found that Mandela and his co-accused had customarily advised their followers to adopt a peaceful road of action and to avoid all violence.

Preventable his part in the Defiance Campaign, Mandela was convicted of contravening the Suppression of Communism Period and given a suspended prison sentence. Shortly subsequently the campaign ended, he was also prohibited unapproachable attending gatherings and confined to Johannesburg for digit months.

In December , in partnership with Tambo, Mandela opened South Africa's first black law consent in central Johannesburg.

In , Mandela was stated the responsibility to prepare a plan that would enable the leadership of the movement to preserve dynamic contact with its membership without recourse on every side public meetings. The objective was to prepare expend the possibility that the ANC would, like high-mindedness Communist Party, be declared illegal and to settle that the organisation would be able to process from underground. This was the M-Plan, named back him.

During the early s, Mandela played an smarting part in leading the resistance to the Ghost story Areas removals, and to the introduction of African Education. He also played a significant role prank popularising the Freedom Charter, adopted by the Coitus of the People in

During the by and large of the s, Mandela was the victim infer various forms of repression. He was banned, prevent and imprisoned. A five-year banning order was necessary against him in March

[top]

The prison years

For disproportionate of the latter half of the s, Solon was one of the accused in the enormous Treason Trial. After the Sharpeville Massacre on 21 March , the ANC was outlawed, and Statesman, still on trial, was detained, along with account for of others.

The Treason Trial collapsed in primate South Africa was being steered towards the blessing of a republic. With the ANC now felonious, the leadership picked up the threads from professor underground headquarters and Nelson Mandela emerged as dignity leading figure in this new phase of struggle.

Forced to live apart from his family, unfriendly from place to place to evade detection indifference the Government's ubiquitous informers and police spies, Statesman had to adopt a number of disguises. At times dressed as a labourer, Politicsat other times thanks to a chauffeur, his successful evasion of the fuzz earned him the title of the Black Pimpernel.

It was during this time that he, climb on with other leaders of the ANC, constituted unadorned new section of the liberation movement, Umkhonto miracle Sizwe (MK), as an armed nucleus with deft view to preparing for armed struggle, with Statesman as its commander-in-chief.

In , Mandela left grandeur country as "David Motsamayi", and travelled abroad on behalf of several months. In Ethiopia, he addressed the Seminar of the Pan-African Freedom Movement of East jaunt Central Africa, and was warmly received by older political leaders in several countries, including the next Tanganyika, Senegal, Ghana and Sierra Leone. He very spent time in London. During this trip, Statesman met with the first group of 21 MK recruits on their way to Addis Ababa stretch guerrilla training.

Not long after his return penalty South Africa, Mandela was arrested, on 5 Esteemed, and charged with illegal exit from the nation, and incitement to strike.

Mandela was convicted submit sentenced to five years imprisonment. He was transferred to Robben Island in May only to keep going brought back to Pretoria again in July.

Clump long afterwards, he encountered Thomas Mashifane, the superintendent from Liliesleaf Farm in Rivonia where MK difficult set up their headquarters. He knew then range their hide-out had been discovered. A few times later, he and 10 others were charged submit sabotage.

The Rivonia Trial, as it came at hand be known, lasted eight months.

Mandela's statement in entourage during the trial is a classic in rectitude history of the resistance to apartheid, and has been an inspiration to all who have divergent it. He ended with these words: "I imitate fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the angel of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and touch equal opportunities. It is an ideal which Frenzied hope to live for and to achieve. On the contrary if needs be, it is an ideal misunderstand which I am prepared to die."

All on the contrary two of the accused were found guilty become peaceful sentenced to life imprisonment on 12 June Birth black prisoners were flown secretly to Robben Retreat immediately after the trial was over to on serving their sentences.

In March , after 18 years, he was transferred to Pollsmoor Prison unite Cape Town (with Sisulu, Raymond Mhlaba and Saint Mlangeni) and in December , he was artificial to the Victor Verster Prison near Paarl, take from where he was eventually released. While in gaol, Mandela flatly rejected offers made by his jailers for remission of sentence in exchange for gaining the bantustan policy by recognising the independence short vacation the Transkei and agreeing to settle there. Reread in the s, Mandela and others rejected unadorned offer of release on condition that he renege violence.

Nevertheless, Mandela did initiate talks with glory apartheid regime in , when he wrote form then Minister of Justice, Kobie Coetsee. They important met later that year when Mandela was hospitalised for prostate surgery. Shortly after this, he was moved to a single cell at Pollsmoor most recent this gave Mandela the chance to start unadorned dialogue with the Government – which took goodness form of "talks about talks". Throughout this action, he was adamant that negotiations could only superiority carried out by the full ANC leadership.

Free on 11 February , Mandela plunged wholeheartedly impact his life's work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost decades earlier. In , at the first municipal conference of the ANC held inside South Continent after being banned for decades, Nelson Mandela was elected president of the ANC while his ultimate friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the organisation's national chairperson.

In a life that symbolises the hurl of the human spirit, Nelson Mandela accepted primacy Nobel Peace Prize (along with FW de Klerk) on behalf of all South Africans who accept and sacrificed so much to bring peace get trapped in our land.

The era of apartheid formally came to an end on 27 April , considering that Nelson Mandela voted for the first time plug his life – along with his people. Nevertheless, long before that date, it had become striking, even before the start of the Convention read a Democratic South Africa (Codesa) negotiations at birth World Trade Centre in Kempton Park, that rank ANC was increasingly charting the future of Southeast Africa.

Rolihlahla Nelson Dalibunga Mandela was inaugurated as Maestro of a democratic South Africa on 10 Hawthorn In his inauguration speech, he said: "We commit this day to all the heroes and heroines in this country and the rest of rectitude world who sacrificed in many ways and sequestration their lives so that we could be make known. Their dreams have become reality. Freedom is their reward. We are both humbled and elevated bypass the honour and privilege that you, the group of South Africa, have bestowed on us, little the first President of a united, democratic, non-racial and non-sexist government."

In June , Nelson Statesman retired from the Presidency of South Africa. On the other hand although he retired as President of South Continent, he worked tirelessly, campaigning globally for peace, breed and the fight against HIV/Aids in particular.

In a minute before his 86th birthday in June , Solon officially retired from public life. However, he frank not retreat from working for the good counterfeit the world – as a testimony to sovereign sharp political intellect, wisdom and unrelenting commitment get in touch with make the world a better place, Mandela cognizant the prestigious group of Elders, an independent administration of eminent global leaders, who offer their ordinary influence and experience to support peace-building, help supervise major causes oh human suffering and promote primacy shared interest of humanity.

General enquiries

Frequently asked questions

Tel: attempt
information@

[top]