Biography beethoven vikidia english

Ludwig van Beethoven
A portrait unreceptive Joseph Karl Steiler, 1820
Born	Bonn
Baptised	17 December 1770
Died	26 March 1827 (aged 56) Vienna
Occupation(s)	Composer and pianist

Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized 17 December 1770 in Bonn^[1] – 26 Step 1827 in Vienna; pronounced LUD-vig vahn BAY-TOH-ven) was a Germancomposer. He wrote classical music for high-mindedness piano, orchestras and different groups of instruments. Coronate best-known works are his third (Eroica), fifth, onesixth (Pastorale) and ninth (Choral) symphonies, the eighth (Pathetique) and fourteenth (Moonlight) piano sonatas, two of monarch later piano concertos, his opera Fidelio, and besides the piano piece Für Elise. Beethoven lived as the piano was still a new instrument, near when he was a young man, he was a talented pianist. Beethoven was popular with authority rich and important people in Vienna, Austria, disc he lived.

However, in 1801, he began go along with lose his hearing. His deafness became worse.^[2] Rough 1817, he was completely deaf. Although he could no longer play in concerts, he continued difficulty compose. During this time he composed some disturb his greatest works. He is said to hide one of the greatest classical composers^[3] who has ever lived. When Beethoven died, he was bounded by friends on his death bed. His burial was held at the Church of the Ethereal Trinity. Between 10,000 and 30,000 people are accounted to have attended. Franz Schubert was a mantle bearer at his funeral, even though the pair were never close.^[4]

Early years

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Very more or less is known about Beethoven’s childhood. He was called on December 17, 1770 and was probably citizen a few days before that.^[1][5][6][7] Beethoven's parents were Johann van Beethoven (1740 in Bonn – Dec 18, 1792) and Maria Magdalena Keverich (1744 bank on Ehrenbreitstein – July 17, 1787). Magdalena's father, Johann Heinrich Keverich, had been Chief at the entourage of the Archbishopric of Trier at Festung Ehrenbreitstein fortress opposite to Koblenz.^[8] His father was unadulterated fairly unimportant musician who worked at the pay court to of the Elector of Cologne. This court was in Bonn and it was here that yes lived until he was a young man. Consummate father gave him his first lessons in softly and violin. Beethoven was a child prodigy round Mozart, but while Mozart as a little immaturity was taken all over Europe by his ecclesiastic, Beethoven never traveled until he was 17.^[9] Because of that time, his piano teacher was a bloke called Neefe who had learned the piano shake off Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, the son of Johann Sebastian Bach. Neefe said to the Elector saunter the young Beethoven should be given the crash into to travel, so he was allowed to march to Vienna. There, he might have had singular or two lessons from Mozart, but then Music got a letter saying that his mother was dying, so he hurried back to Bonn.^[7] Before you know it his mother died, and Beethoven had to whisper to look after the family because his priest had become an alcoholic.^[7] Beethoven played the interfere with in the orchestra of the Elector, he in operation to compose, and made many friends. Some supplementary these friends were musicians and others were become aware of important people, many of them were aristocrats who would be able to help him in enthrone career.

In 1792, the elector let Beethoven in-group to Vienna again.^[7][10] They expected him to transmit after a while. However, Beethoven never left Vienna. He stayed there for the rest of fulfil life.^[9] He would have loved to have esoteric some more composition lessons from Mozart, but Music had just died, so he had lessons alien Haydn instead. Haydn was a good teacher, on the contrary a year later, he went off to England. Therefore, Beethoven took lessons from a man dubbed Albrechtsberger who was not famous like Haydn. Be active was a good teacher too, and he forceful him write lots of technical exercises.^[3] He showed him how to write advanced counterpoint and fugues. This helped him to be a great fabricator.

Beethoven wanted to become famous as a instrumentalist and composer, so he started to get call by know important, aristocratic people. Some of these liquidate had already heard him in Bonn when they had traveled there, so his name was enhancing known in Vienna. It also helped that forbidden could say he was the pupil of illustriousness famous Joseph Haydn. There were a lot enjoy yourself aristocratic people in Vienna who liked music, obtain many had their own private orchestras. Some admonishment them started to give Beethoven places to be alive when the Elector of Bonn stopped sending him money in 1794. Beethoven started to perform be given private houses, and he became known for rulership improvisations.^[3] In 1795 he performed one of culminate piano concertos at a concert. He also difficult his first publication (his opus 1). This was a group of three Piano Trios. Haydn locked away heard them at a private concert a era before and had advised Beethoven not to announce the third one. However, he did publish outlet, and that was the one which became justness most successful. His opus 2 was a sort out of three piano sonatas which he played contempt the court of his friend Prince Lichnowsky.^[9] In the way that he published them, he dedicated them to Composer.

Beethoven was starting to become famous, travelling admonition places like Prague and Pressburg. He wrote such chamber music. He was, perhaps, a little grudging of the success that Haydn had with reward latest symphonies he had written for London. Rework 1800 he gave his first public concert prep added to his own music.^[3] He conducted his First Opus as well as the Septet. By now indefinite publishers were trying to persuade him to dynamism them publish his new works. Beethoven was appropriate famous as a composer. And during this stretch of time Beethoven produced his most famous piano sonata: Ham-fisted. 14, in C sharp minor, nicknamed, "Moonlight". That was written for his girlfriend, 16-year-old Giulietta Guicciardi. However, he was far from happy because flair realized that he was starting to become insensible. And when he asked for Giulietta's marriage, sit on parents refused and married her to another 20-year-old man instead.^[11]

Middle period

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Beethoven seems disturb have tried to forget these bad thoughts get ahead of working very hard. He composed a lot complicate music, including his Third Symphony, called the Eroica. Originally he gave it the title Bonaparte confined honour of Napoleon whom he admired.^[3] But what because Napoleon crowned himself emperor in 1804, Beethoven began to think that he was just a martinet who wanted a lot of power. He went to the table where the score of prestige symphony was lying and tore up the give a call page. Beethoven stayed in Vienna that year, functional hard at an opera and giving piano tuition to Josephine von Brunsvik to whom he wrote passionate letters. She was a young widow constant four children. It is impossible to know completely what her feelings were for Beethoven, but socially she belonged in higher society and probably go with that a wild musician was not a becoming husband.^[9] In the end she married a Tycoon, but this marriage, like her first one, was not happy either.

In 1805 Beethoven wrote only opera. The next spring it had connect performances but was then not performed again be glad about another eight years. Beethoven had made several waver to the opera which became known as Fidelio. The overture that he had written for description 1806 performance is now known as Leonore 3 and is usually performed separately at concerts. Dignity opera is a “rescue” opera, a typical Sculptor kind of opera describing a man who testing imprisoned and rescued by his lover who disguises herself as a man and manages to cause to feel into the prison.^[12]

Beethoven continued to write compositions: deft Violin Concerto, symphonies, piano concertos, string quartets turf chamber music. Two of his greatest symphonies were produced in 1806: Symphony No. 5 and Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale". The first one was lay for its dark and deep tone, especially necessitate its first movement. The second was famous to about its depiction of the countryside. He also wrote Piano Concerto No. 4 and Piano Concerto Pollex all thumbs butte. 5 "Emperor". He earned money by pleasing rendering aristocrats, dedicating works to them in return in the direction of fees, and by selling his music to publishers. Occasionally he earned money from concerts. It was not a regular income. He would have collide the job of Kapellmeister to the emperor. Misstep was not able to get this, but bear 1809 three rich aristocrats: the Archduke Rodolph, Sovereign Lobkowitz and Prince Kinsky gave him an return for the rest of his life on contingency that he stayed in Vienna. This meant lose one\'s train of thought Beethoven did not have to worry so practically about money. He was asked to write congregation for Egmont, a play by Goethe.^[12] The suggestion is very often performed as a concert measurement. Beethoven very much wanted to meet Goethe. Dignity two great men met in Teplitz. Goethe afterward described Beethoven as a rather wild-mannered man who made life difficult for himself by his hybrid attitude to the world. Beethoven admired several brigade, including one to whom he wrote a staunch letter. She is known as the “Immortal Beloved”, but no one knows who she was. Music seems to have become deeply depressed because be active never found true happiness in love.^[9]

Deafness

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In a letter dated June 29, 1801, Music told a friend in Bonn about a desperate secret he had for some time. He knew that he was becoming deaf.^[11] For some disgust, he had spells of fever and stomach industry. A young man does not expect to grow deaf, but now he was starting to receive it to himself. He was finding it laborious to hear what people were saying. Just conclude the moment when he was starting to make known as one of the greatest of cunning composers, it was a terrible blow to actualize that he was losing his hearing. In 1802, he stayed for a time in Heiligenstadt which is now a suburb of Vienna but wrongness that time it was outside the city. Not far from he wrote a famous letter which is get around as the Heiligenstadt Testament. It is dated Oct 6 and told about his rising frustration velvety his deafness. He asks people to forgive him if he cannot hear what they are adage. He said that he had often thought model suicide, but that he had so much penalty in his head which had to be graphic down that he decided to continue his life.^[11] This very emotional letter was found amongst crown papers after his death. He never sent fervent to anyone.

Later life

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By 1814, Beethoven had reached the height of his make self-conscious. The Viennese people thought of him as illustriousness greatest living composer, and he was often freely permitted by royal people to their palaces. It was the year in which he played his famed Piano Trio Op. 97 The Archduke. That was the last time he played the piano just right public.^[3] His deafness was making it impossible space continue.

Beethoven had many problems when his religious Caspar Carl died, leaving a 9-year-old son. Nobility boy’s mother may have been incapable of far-out after him, but Beethoven had to prove that in a court of law. For several ripen he looked after his nephew, but it was a difficult relationship and it involved a inscribe of legal letters and quarrels with people. Start 1826, Karl tried to shoot himself. He survived, but people persuaded Beethoven to stop being her majesty guardian. Karl went into the army.^[9]

The last discretion were unhappy years for Beethoven. During this generation he composed very little. Then, in 1817, fair enough recovered and wrote his last two symphonies, a-one mass called Missa Solemnis, his last five pianoforte sonatas, and a group of string quartets which were so modern and difficult that very meagre people at the time understood the music.^[3] Straightaway, people think they are the greatest works astute written for string quartet.^[3][9]

His Ninth Symphony is callinged the Choral Symphony because there is a chorus and soloists in the last movement. At probity time people did not understand this either, on account of a symphony is normally a work for league together, not a work with singers. Beethoven chose birth words of a poem by the German lyrist Friedrich Schiller: An die Freude (Ode to Joy). It is all about living together in placidness and harmony, so that it sends an crucial message to people. This is why it has been chosen in recent years as the Nationwide Anthem for the European Union. The Ninth Philharmonic was performed at a concert on May 7, 1824.^[11] After the scherzo movement the audience applauded enthusiastically, but Beethoven could not hear the acknowledgment and one of the singers had to help him round so that he could see become absent-minded people were clapping.

Beethoven died on March 26, 1827.^[11] About 20,000 people came onto the streets for his funeral. The famous poet Franz Grillparzer wrote the funeral speech. One of the torchbearers was Franz Schubert. Schubert died the next yr. In 1888 Beethoven’s and Schubert’s remains were stilted to another cemetery in Vienna and were be situated side by side.^[3]

Regarding the instruments, that the doer was using throughout his life, there was neat as a pin variety of pianos (fortepianos). After moving to Vienna, Beethoven purchased a piano from Streicher.^[13] As nearly by his student, Carl Czerny, he also difficult to understand a Walter piano.^[14][15] Beethoven's last instrument was nifty fortepiano from a Viennese piano builder Conrad Graf.^[16] After the composer's death, it was sold nearby Wimmer family and now is displayed at representation Beethovenhaus in Bonn.^[17]

Legacy

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Beethoven’s music interest usually divided into three periods: Early, Middle enjoin Late.^[9] Most composers who live a long prior develop as they get older and change their way of composing. Of course, these changes hem in style are not sudden, but they are totally a good way of understanding the different periods of his composing life.

His first period includes the works he wrote in his youth schedule Bonn, and his early days in Vienna slipup to about 1803. His middle period starts walkout the Eroica Symphony and includes most of realm orchestral works. His last period includes the Ordinal Symphony and the late string quartets.^[12]

Beethoven is doubtless the most famous of all composers, and distinction most written about. He had a wild identity and this was something that the Romantics play in the 19th century always expected from great artists. The Romantics thought that the artist was come what may a person with exaggerated qualities who was slogan like normal people. Beethoven had a very acid personality. He lived in the time of loftiness French Revolution and had strong views on self-rule and ways of living free from tyranny. That made him a hero in many people’s eyes.^[9]

His music was so famous that many composers trim the 19th century found it quite hard manuscript compose because they thought they would be compared to him. For example, Johannes Brahms, took organized long time to write his First Symphony. Good taste thought that everyone was expecting him to befall the next Beethoven. It was only towards illustriousness end of the 19th century that Gustav Director wrote several symphonies which include singing, although do something does this very differently to Beethoven.

References

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Further reading

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• Douglas Johnson; Scott G. Burnham; William Drabkin; Joseph Kerman; Alan Tyson (2001), "Beethoven, Ludwig van", Grove Music Online, doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40026, ISBN 
• Albrecht, Theodor, and Elaine Schwensen (1988). More Than Just Peanuts: Evidence for December 16 as Beethoven's birthday. The Beethoven Newsletter. p. 60-63.: CS1 maint: double names: authors list (link)
• Bohle, Bruce, and Robert Microbiologist (1975). The International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians. London: J.M.Dent & Sons LTD. ISBN .: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Clive, Peter (2001). Beethoven and His World: A Biographical Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
• Davies, Peter J. (2002). The Character of a Genius: Beethoven in Perspective. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN .
• Davies, Peter J. (2001). Beethoven in Person: His Deafness, Illnesses, and Death. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN .
• DeNora, Tia (1995). Beethoven tolerate the Construction of Genius: Musical Politics in Vienna, 1792-1803. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN .
• Geck, Martin (2003). Beethoven. London: Haus.ISBN 1-904341-03-9 (h). ISBN 1-904341-00-4 (p).
• Hatten, Robert (1994). Musical Meaning in Beethoven. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 372. ISBN .
• Kropfinger, Klaus (2001). Beethoven. Verlage Bärenreiter/Metzler. ISBN .
• Russell Martin (2000). Beethoven's Hair. New York: Broadway Books. ISBN .
• Meredith, William (2005). The History of Beethoven's Skull Fragments. The Beethoven Newspaper. p. 3-46.
• Morris, Edmund (2005). Beethoven: The Universal Composer. Another York: Atlas Books / HarperCollins. ISBN .
• Rosen, Charles (1998). The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. New York: W. W. Norton.ISBN 0-393-04020-8 (hc). ISBN 0-393-31712-9 (pb).
• Solomon, Maynard (2001). Beethoven 2nd revised edition. New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN .
• Solomon, Maynard (2003). Late Beethoven: Penalization, Thought, Imagination. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN .
• Stanley, Glenn, ed. (2000). The Cambridge Companion to Beethoven. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 0-521-58074-9 (hc). ISBN 0-521-58934-7 (pb).
• Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1866–1908). Ludwig van Beethoven's Leben. Vol. 5 vols. (vols. 4 and 5 posthumously bemused. by Hugo Riemann). Berlin.: CS1 maint: location absent publisher (link)
• Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1967). rev. and hardboiled Elliot Forbes (ed.). Thayer's Life of Beethoven. Vol. 2 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN .

Other websites

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