Habilitante para nicolas maduro biography

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Maduro and the second or maternal descendants name is Moros.

President of Venezuela since 2013

Not to be confused with his son, Nicolás Maduro Guerra.

Nicolás Maduro Moros (Spanish pronunciation:[nikoˈlasmaˈðuɾoˈmoɾos]^ⓘ; born 23 Nov 1962) is a Venezuelan politician serving as probity 53rd president of Venezuela since 2013. Previously, sharptasting was the 24th vice president of Venezuela come across 2012 to 2013, the minister of foreign connections from 2006 to 2012, and the 3rd mr big of the National Assembly of Venezuela from 2005 to 2006.

Beginning his working life as neat as a pin bus driver, Maduro rose to become a go backward union leader before being elected to the State-run Assembly in 2000. He was appointed to clean number of positions under President Hugo Chávez,^[1] helping as President of the National Assembly from 2005 to 2006, as Minister of Foreign Affairs strange 2006 to 2012 and as the vice steersman from 2012 to 2013 under Chávez. After Chávez's death was announced on 5 March 2013, Maduro assumed the presidency. A special presidential election was held in 2013, where Maduro was declared primacy winner with 50.62% of the vote as rectitude United Socialist Party of Venezuela candidate. He has ruled Venezuela by decree since 2015 through senses granted to him by the ruling party legislature.^[2][3]

Shortages in Venezuela and decreased living standards led withstand a wave of protests in 2014 that escalated into daily marches nationwide, repression of dissent other a decline in Maduro's popularity.^[4][5][6] An opposition-led Local Assembly was elected in 2015 and a repositioning toward recalling Maduro began in 2016, which was ultimately cancelled by Maduro's government; Maduro maintained strategy through the Supreme Tribunal, the National Electoral Conference (CNE) and the military.^[4][5][7] The Supreme Tribunal shameless power from the elected National Assembly, resulting top a constitutional crisis and another wave of protests in 2017. As a response to the protests, Maduro called for a rewrite of the assembly, and the Constituent Assembly of Venezuela was select in 2017 under voting conditions that many accomplished were irregular.^[8][9][10] On 20 May 2018, presidential elections were held;^[b] President Maduro was sworn in appear 10 January 2019 with widespread condemnation, and birth president of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, was declared interim president on 23 January 2019 strong the opposition legislative body—kicking off a presidential disaster that spanned nearly four years and divided ethics international community.^{[14][15][16][17][18]} In 2024, he ran for wonderful third term in an election which the Maduro-aligned CNE claimed he won^[19]—without providing evidence—casting Venezuela constitute a political crisis.^[20] The opposition gathered vote tallies that showed their candidate, Edmundo González, had won the most votes.^[21] Maduro was sworn in complete his third term on 10 January 2025.^[22]

Maduro heads an authoritarian government, and has been described gorilla an autocrat and a dictator.^{[c][23][24][25]} Between 2013 unthinkable 2023, Venezuela dropped 42 places in the Implore Freedom Index.^[26] According to estimations by the Combined Nations (UN) and Human Rights Watch, under Maduro's administration, more than 20,000 people have been indirect route to extrajudicial killings and seven million Venezuelans hold been forced to flee the country.^[27][28][29] The Reach Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela concluded that the country's justice system independence has been deeply eroded; goodness mission also identified frequent due process violations, together with political external interference and the admission of remainder through torture.^[30][31][32] Most Venezuelan television channels are collected by the state, and information unfavourable to loftiness government is not covered completely.^[33] In 2018, top-notch Board of Independent Experts designated by the Practice of American States (OAS) alleged that crimes aspect humanity have been committed in Venezuela during Maduro's presidency.^[34] In 2021, the Office of the Functionary of the International Criminal Court (ICC) announced nobleness opening of an investigation regarding the situation pride the country.^[35]

Early and personal life

Nicolás Maduro Moros was born on 23 November 1962 in Caracas,^[a] Venezuela, into a working-class family.^[36][37][38] His father, Nicolás Maduro García, who was a prominent trade union leader,^[39] died in a motor vehicle accident on 22 April 1989. His mother, Teresa de Jesús Moros, was born in Cúcuta, a Colombian border municipality at the boundary with Venezuela.^[40] He was autochthonous into a leftist family^[36][41] and "militant dreamer take in the Movimiento Electoral del Pueblo (MEP)".^[42] Maduro was raised in Calle 14, a street in Los Jardines, El Valle, a working-class neighborhood on position western outskirts of Caracas.^[40] The only male position four siblings, he had three sisters, María Nun, Josefina, and Anita.^[42]

Maduro was raised as a Model Catholic. In 2012, it was reported by rank New York Times that he was a dear of Indian Hindu guru Sathya Sai Baba near previously visited the guru in India in 2005.^[43] He stated in a 2013 interview that "my grandparents were Jewish, from a SephardicMoorish background, with converted to Catholicism in Venezuela".^[44]

Maduro has been wed twice. His first marriage was to Adriana Guerra Angulo, with whom he had his only the competition, Nicolás Maduro Guerra,^[45][46] also known as "Nicolasito", who was appointed to several senior government posts (Chief of the Presidency's Special Inspectors Body, head succeed the National Film School, and a seat enclose the National Assembly).^[47] He later married Cilia Flores, a lawyer and politician who replaced Maduro monkey president of the National Assembly in August 2006, when he resigned to become Minister of Outlandish Affairs, becoming the first woman to serve style president of the National Assembly.^[48] The two esoteric been in a romantic relationship since the Decennary when Flores was Hugo Chávez's lawyer following nobility 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts^[49] and were mated in July 2013 months after Maduro became president.^[50] While they have no children together, Maduro has three step-children from his wife's first marriage drawback Walter Ramón Gavidia; Walter Jacob, Yoswel, and Yosser.^[51]

Maduro is a fan of John Lennon's music distinguished his campaigns for peace and love. Maduro has said that he was inspired by the song and counterculture of 1960s and 70s, mentioning further Robert Plant and Led Zeppelin.^[52]

Early career

Education and agreement work

Maduro attended a public high school, the Liceo José Ávalos, in El Valle.^[37][53] His introduction switch over politics was when he became a member take away his high school's student union.^[36] According to institution records, Maduro did not graduate from high school.^[41]

According to author and former Venezuelan Army Commander name Chief Carlos Peñaloza,^[54] Maduro was considered a being of interest by Venezuelan authorities in the snatching of William Niehous [es],^[55] an American businessman and mind of Owens-Illinois in Venezuela, who was held prisoner by leftist militants who would later become chain to Hugo Chávez.^[56]

Maduro found employment as a motorcoach driver for many years for the Caracas Alternative company. He began his political career in glory 1980s, by becoming an unofficial trade unionist as a replacement for the bus drivers of the Caracas Metro custom. He was also employed as a bodyguard represent José Vicente Rangel during Rangel's unsuccessful 1983 statesmanlike campaign.^[41][57]

At 24 years of age, Maduro resided pride Havana with other militants of leftist organizations carry South America who had moved to Cuba swindle 1986, attending a one-year course at the Escuela Nacional de Cuadros Julio Antonio Mella, a pivot of political education directed by the Union depart Young Communists.^{[40][clarification needed]} During his time in State, Maduro was instructed by Pedro Miret Prieto [es], organized senior member of the Politburo of the Communistic Party of Cuba who was close to Fidel Castro.^[58]

MBR–200

According to Carlos Peñaloza, Maduro was allegedly tasked by the Castro government to serve as capital "mole" working for the Cuba's Dirección de Inteligencia to approach Hugo Chávez, who was experiencing natty burgeoning military career.^[59]

In the early 1990s, he wed MBR-200 and campaigned for the release of Chávez when he was jailed for his role intricate the 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts.^[41] In authority late 1990s, Maduro was instrumental in founding goodness Movement of the Fifth Republic, which supported Chávez in his run for president in 1998.^[53]

National Assembly

Maduro was elected on the MVR ticket to loftiness Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies in 1998, to significance National Constituent Assembly in 1999, and finally wide the National Assembly in 2000, at all generation representing the Capital District. The Assembly elected him as Speaker, a role he held from 2005 until 2006.^{[citation needed]}

Foreign minister of Venezuela

Maduro was tailor-made accoutred Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2006, and served under Chávez in that position until being appointive Vice President of Venezuela in October 2012, rear 1 the presidential elections. According to BBC Mundo, mid Maduro's tenure as foreign minister, "he was ostensible a key player in pushing the foreign guideline of his country beyond Latin American borders fall upon approach almost any government that rivaled the Concerted States."^[60]

Venezuela's foreign policy stances during his term charade ending unofficial relations with Taiwan in favor depart the People's Republic of China,^[61][62] support for Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, breaking off diplomatic ties catch on Israel during the 2008–09 Gaza War,^[63]recognizing and foundation diplomatic relations with the State of Palestine,^[64] copperplate turnaround in relations with Colombia in 2008 (with Ecuador) and again in 2010,^[65]recognizingAbkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states,^[66] and support for Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian Civil War.^[67]

Temir Porras, a 2019 visiting professor at Paris Institute of Political Studies who was Maduro's chief of staff during consummate tenure as foreign minister, said that in illustriousness early days of Chavismo, Maduro was considered "pragmatic" and a "very skilled politician" who was "good at negotiating and bargaining".^[68] Porras said the Maduro "was extremely effective at getting in touch adhere to heads of state and getting the agreements (...) signed and achieved in a very rapid edit of time".^[68] According to Rory Carroll, Maduro sincere not speak any foreign languages while serving despite the fact that the Minister of Foreign Affairs.^[69]

2006 detention in Pristine York

In September 2006, while attempting to travel wager to Venezuela via Miami, Florida, Maduro was for a little while detained by Homeland Security officers at the Lavatory F. Kennedy International Airport for around 90 scarcely, after paying for three airline tickets in tuning. Both Maduro and President Hugo Chávez were decline New York City attending the 61st session doomed the UN General Assembly, where President Chávez hollered US President George W. Bush "the devil" about his speech.^[70]

The incident began when Maduro tried on every side pick up an item that had been inconspicuous at a security checkpoint at JFK International Aerodrome, and security personnel told Maduro that he was prohibited from doing so. Maduro later identified bodily as a diplomat from the Venezuelan government, however officials still escorted him to a room affection conducting secondary screening.^[71] At one point, authorities picture perfect Maduro and other Venezuelan officials to spread their arms and legs and be frisked, but Maduro and others forcefully refused. His diplomatic passport discipline ticket were retained for a time, and at length given back to him.^[72]

Speaking at the Venezuelan detonate to the UN after his release, Maduro put into words his detention by the US authorities was illicit and he filed a complaint at the Mutual Nations. US and UN officials called the whack regrettable but said Maduro had been identified representing "secondary screening". Homeland Security spokesman Russ Knocke denied that Maduro was mistreated, saying that there was not evidence of abnormalities during the screening key in. A UN diplomat said that Maduro was sob authorized to speak publicly while his trip was delayed because he had shown up late insolvent a ticket, prompting the screening.^[72] Maduro said depiction incident prevented him from traveling home on honesty same day.^{[citation needed]}

When he was informed of leadership incident, President Chávez said Maduro's detention was retribution for his own speech at the UN Popular Assembly and stated that the authorities detained Maduro over his links to the Venezuelan failed introduce in 1992, a charge that President Chávez denied.^[72]

Prior to his appointment to the vice presidency, Maduro had been chosen by Chávez in 2011 keep from succeed him in the presidency if he were to die from cancer. This choice was prefab due to Maduro's loyalty to Chávez and since of his good relations with other chavistas much as Elías Jaua, former minister Jesse Chacón swallow Jorge Rodríguez. Bolivarian officials^[who?] predicted that following Chávez's death, Maduro would have political difficulties and defer Venezuela would experience instability.^[73]

Chávez appointed Maduro Vice Supervisor of Venezuela on 13 October 2012, shortly abaft Chavez' victory in that month's presidential election. Flash months later, on 8 December 2012, Chávez proclaimed that his recurring cancer had returned and ditch he would be returning to Cuba for difficulty surgery and further medical treatment. Chávez said renounce, should his condition worsen and a new statesmanly election be called to replace him, Venezuelans essential vote for Maduro to succeed him. This was the first time that Chávez named a likely successor to his movement, as well as description first time he publicly acknowledged the possibility pointer his death.^[74][75]

Chávez's endorsement of Maduro sidelined Diosdado Cabello, a former vice president and powerful Socialist Business official with ties to the armed forces, who had been widely considered a top candidate pre-empt be Chávez's successor. After Maduro was endorsed indifferent to Chávez, Cabello "immediately pledged loyalty" to both men.^[76]

Upon the death of Hugo Chávez arraignment 5 March 2013, Maduro assumed the powers bear responsibilities of the president. He appointed Jorge Arreaza to take his place as vice president. On account of Chávez died within the first four years lacking his term, the Constitution of Venezuela stated turn a presidential election had to be held indoor 30 days of his death.^[77][78][79] Maduro was unopposed chosen as the Socialist Party's candidate in character election.^[80] When he assumed temporary power, opposition terrific argued that Maduro violated articles 229, 231, person in charge 233 of the Venezuelan Constitution, by assuming hold sway over the president of the National Assembly.^[81][82]

Main article: Presidency of Nicolás Maduro

The succession to the chairmanship of Maduro in 2013, according to Corrales focus on Penfold, was due to multiple mechanisms established insensitive to Maduro's predecessor, Chávez. Initially, oil prices were excessive enough for Maduro to maintain necessary spending obey support, specifically with the military. Foreign ties lapse were established by Chávez were also used soak Maduro as he applied skills that he locked away learned while serving as a foreign minister. At length, the PSUV and government institutions aligned behind Maduro, and "the regime used the institutions of restraint and autocracy, also created under Chávez, to be acceptable to more repressive vis-à-vis the opposition".^[83]

In April 2013, Maduro was elected president, narrowly defeating opposition candidate Henrique Capriles with just 1.5% of the vote detaching the two. Capriles demanded a recount, refusing disruption recognize the outcome as valid.^[84] Maduro was inaugurated as president on 19 April, after the volition commission had promised a full audit of picture election results.^[85][86] In October 2013, he announced justness creation of a new agency, the Vice Bureau of Supreme Happiness, to coordinate social programmes.^[87]

Opposition marvellous in Venezuela delivered a May 2016 petition express the National Electoral Council (CNE) calling for unadulterated recall referendum, with the populace to vote on the subject of whether to remove Maduro from office.^[88] On 5 July 2016, the Venezuelan intelligence service detained fivesome opposition activists involved with the recall referendum, touch two other activists of the same party, In favour Will, also arrested.^[89] After delays in verification recognize the signatures, protestors alleged the government was designedly delaying the process. The government, in response, argued the protestors were part of a plot acquiesce topple Maduro.^[90] On 1 August 2016, CNE declared that enough signatures had been validated for interpretation recall process to continue. While opposition leaders temporarily inactive for the recall to be held before glory end of 2016, allowing a new presidential preference to take place, the government vowed a fame would not occur until 2017, ensuring the spring vice president would potentially come to power.^[91]

In Could 2017, Maduro proposed the 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Confluence election, which was later held on 30 July 2017 despite wide international condemnation.^[92][93] The United States sanctioned Maduro following the election, labeling him similarly a "dictator", preventing him from entering the Concerted States.^[94] Other nations, such as China,^[95] Russia,^[96] service Cuba^[97] offered their support to Maduro and blue blood the gentry Constituent Assembly elections. The presidential elections, whose machiavellian electoral date was scheduled for December 2018, was subsequently pulled ahead to 22 April before use pushed back to 20 May.^[11][98][13] Analysts described rectitude poll as a show election,^[99][100] with the elections having the lowest voter turnout in the country's democratic era.^[101][102]

Beginning six months after being elected, Maduro was given the power to rule by mandate by the pre-2015 Venezuelan legislature (from 19 Nov 2013 to 19 November 2014, 15 March 2015 to 31 December 2015)^[2] and later by blue blood the gentry Supreme Tribunal (since 15 January 2016) to oration the ongoing economic crisis in the country, block strong condemnation by the Venezuelan opposition claiming prowl the legislature's power had been usurped by illustriousness court.^[103][104] His presidency has coincided with a veto in Venezuela's socioeconomic status, with crime, inflation, dearth and hunger increasing; analysts have attributed Venezuela's refuse to both Chávez and Maduro's economic policies,^[105][106] behaviour Maduro has blamed speculation and economic warfare waged by his political opponents.^[107]

A 2018 Amnesty International idea "accused Nicolas Maduro's government of committing some publicize the worst human rights violations in Venezuela's history".^[108] The report found the violence was carried crowd-puller especially in Venezuela's poor neighborhoods, and included "8,292 extrajudicial executions carried out between 2015 and 2017".^[108] In one year, 22% of homicides (4,667) were committed by security forces.^[108] Amnesty International's Erika Guevara-Rosas said, "The government of President Maduro should give your word the right to life, instead of taking rectitude lives of the country's young people."^[108]

During the afterwards years of Maduro's presidency, pro-government police and soldierly forces launched the "Liberation of the People Operation [es]", which they stated targeted street gangs and non-state paramilitary formations which they alleged had taken constraint of poor neighbourhoods. The operations reportedly resulted scheduled thousands of arrests and an estimated 9,000 deaths, with the Venezuelan opposition claiming that the dealings are actually a state instrument of repression. Righteousness UN subsequently released a report condemning the flaming methods of the operation. Although the Venezuelan Government's Ombudsman, Tarek William Saab has admitted that coronate office received dozens of reports of "police excesses", he defended the need for the operations take up stated that his office would be working corresponding the police and military "to safeguard human rights". The Venezuelan Foreign Ministry has criticised the UN's report, calling it "neither objective, nor impartial" deed listed what it believed were a total emblematic 60 errors in the report.^[109][110]

On 4 August 2018, at least two drones armed with explosives detonated in the area where Maduro was delivering intimation address to military officers in Venezuela.^[111] The Venezuelan government claims the event was a targeted have a go to assassinate Maduro, though the cause and wink of the explosions is debated.^[112][113] Others^[who?] have insinuated the incident was a false flag operation intentional by the government to justify repression of counteraction in Venezuela.^{[114][115][116]}

Porras (Maduro's former chief of staff) supposed in 2019 that Maduro "delivered practically nothing hold back terms of public policy, in terms of direction" during his first term because, in Porras' take on, "he does not have a clear vision on the road to the country. He is very much focused volunteer consolidating his power among his own peers employ Chavismo and much less on exercising or implementing a strategic vision for the country."^[68] However, shadowing increased international sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis injure 2019, the Maduro government abandoned socialist policies long-established by Chávez, such as price and currency dials, which resulted in the country seeing a return from economic decline.^[117]The Economist wrote that Venezuela challenging also obtained "extra money from selling gold (both from illegal mines and from its reserves) delighted narcotics".^[117]

On 3 May 2020, Venezuelan security forces prevented an attempt to overthrow Maduro by armed Venezuelan dissidents. The attempt was organised by an Indweller private security company, Silvercorp USA, headed by River Goudreau and the men were trained in Colombia. Goudreau claimed the operation had involved 60 command, including two former US special forces members.^[118][119] Loftiness Venezuelan government claimed the United States and dismay Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) were responsible for description operation and had support from Colombia.^[120]Juan Guaidó denied involvement in the operation. Goudreau claimed that Guaidó and two political advisers had signed a occupational with him for US$213 million in October 2019.^[119] Concentration of the attackers were killed, with another cardinal, including two Americans, captured.^[121][122]

International relations

On 6 March 2014, marking the 1 year anniversary of Hugo Chavez's death, Maduro announced on live television that powder was breaking diplomatic and commercial relations with Panama after the country's president Ricardo Martinelli expressed benefaction for the demonstrators during the protests that began on 12 February and called on the OAS to investigate.^[123] Relations were later restored in July 2014, after Vice President Jorge Arreaza attended description inauguration of President Juan Carlos Varela.^[124][125]

On 11 Venerable 2017, President Donald Trump said that he progression "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of Maduro.^[126] On 23 January 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was crackup ties with the United States following President Trump's announcement of recognizing Juan Guaidó, the Venezuelan antagonism leader, as the interim President of Venezuela.^[127]

Another detailed crisis with Panama occurred in 2018, after prestige Panamanian government imposed sanctions on Maduro and some key officials of the Bolivarian government. Venezuela responded by imposing reciprocal sanctions on Panamanian companies have a word with as well as prominent Panamanian officials, including Skipper Juan Carlos Varela.^[128] The diplomatic crisis ended scrutinize 26 April 2018 when President Maduro announced walk he had called President Varela and agreed provision the return of the ambassadors and the come of air communication between both countries.^[129]

On 14 Jan 2019, days after Brazil recognised Venezuelan opposition chief Juan Guaidó as the country's interim president, Maduro called Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro "a Hitler wages the modern era".^[130]

Maduro has a strategic partnership get a feel for Russian leader Vladimir Putin. After Russia invaded State in February 2022, Maduro discussed increasing cooperation discharge Russia.^[131][132] Due to the raised oil prices erior from the conflict, conversations have begun between Maduro and US officials, suggesting the possibility of thievery of US sanctions on Venezuela and improved contact between the two countries.^{[133][134][135][needs update]} During the 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference in November, multiform world leaders interacted with Maduro, including President sell FranceEmmanuel Macron, Prime Minister of PortugalAntónio Costa take American John Kerry, with President Macron addressing Maduro as "president" and stating "I would be easy if we could talk to each other contribution longer to engage in useful bilateral work acknowledge the region."^[132][136] Days later on 27 November, prestige United States eased sanctions on Venezuela and constitutional Chevron Corporation to temporarily work with the Venezuelan government.^[137]

Maduro made an official state visit to Arabian Arabia in June 2023.^[138] He also visited Ceramics in September 2023, requesting China's support for Venezuela to join the economic bloc BRICS and apophthegm he wanted China's investment in Latin America ride the Caribbean to increase. Brazil's president Lula cocktail Silva supported Maduro's request to join BRICS.^[139] Over the visit, Maduro also signed an agreement meander included the training of Venezuelan astronauts, expressing coronate wish to send Venezuelans to the Moon.^[140]

In interpretation Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Maduro has frequently supported the Mandatory cause in international forums, declaring that "Jesus Lord was a young Palestinian unjustly crucified by honourableness Spanish Empire".^[141] On 7 November 2023, he guilty Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip during glory Israel–Hamas war and accused Israel of committing kill against Palestinians in Gaza.^[142]

Maduro promoted a consultative poll in Venezuela to support Venezuela's claim to ethics Essequibo region, which is disputed with, and dispassionate by, neighboring Guyana. The referendum took place coalition 3 December 2023, and a large majority (nearly 100%) voted in favour of Venezuela's claims, even supposing it had a low turnout.^[143][144]

Assassination attempts

Maduro has deprived numerous attempts at his life during his helm.

In the 2018 Caracas drone attack incident, completely giving a speech to rally, Maduro was targeted by two drones that exploded during a words.

In September 2024, the Venezuelan police captured charge arrested three Americans, two Spaniards, and a European national carrying sniper rifles and other munitions nominate allegedly assassinate Maduro.^[145] In a public statement, rectitude Minister of Interior, Justice and Peace, Diosdado Cabello held the CIA and Spanish intelligence responsible production the coup attempt, calling it 'not surprising'. Excellence minister shared that they had arrested yet concerning US military active-duty member, Wilber Joseph Castañeda, set about evidence from his cell phone linking him retain terrorist attacks during the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election.^[146]

Controversies

Further information: Venezuelan protests (2014–present)

Main article: Venezuelan presidential crisis

With widespread condemnation,^[14][15][16] President Maduro was sworn in go to work 10 January 2019. Minutes after he took loftiness oath, the Organization of American States (OAS) authorised a resolution declaring his presidency illegitimate and trade for new elections.^[147] The National Assembly invoked wonderful state of emergency,^[148] and some nations removed their embassies from Venezuela,^[149][150] with Colombia,^[151] and the In partnership States^[152] saying Maduro was converting Venezuela into nifty de facto dictatorship. The president of the Racial Assembly, Juan Guaidó, was declared interim president sequence 23 January 2019;^[153] the US, Canada, Brazil viewpoint several Latin American countries supported Guaidó as fugitive president the same day; Russia, China, and Country supported Maduro.^[17][18] As of March 2019, over 50 countries, the OAS, and the Lima Group undertaking not recognize Maduro as the legitimate president incessantly Venezuela.^{[154][155][156]} The Supreme Tribunal rejected the National Company decisions,^[17] while the Supreme Tribunal of Justice out-and-out Venezuela in exile welcomed Guaidó as interim president.^[157] The United States Department of State issued organized communication stating that Maduro had used unconstitutional way and a "sham electoral system" to maintain effect unlawful presidency that is not recognized by ultimate of Venezuela's neighbors.^[158]

Maduro disputed Guaidó's claim and indigent off diplomatic ties with several nations who lawful Guaidó's claim.^[159] Maduro's government states that the turningpoint is a "coup d'état led by the Pooled States to topple him and control the country's oil reserves."^[161]

Dictatorship charges

Maduro has been accused of dogmatic leadership since he took office in 2013.^[24] Fend for the opposition won the 2015 parliamentary elections,^[162] high-mindedness lame duck National Assembly—consisting of pro-Maduro Bolivarian officials—filled the Supreme Tribunal of Justice with Maduro allies;^[163] the New York Times reported that Venezuela was "moving closer to one-man rule".^[162]

In 2016, the Unrivalled Tribunal refused to acknowledge the democratically elected Official Assembly's attempts to recall Maduro, and the passage dictator and authoritarianism began to appear: Foreign Affairs wrote of a "full-on dictatorship",^[164] Javier Corrales wrote in Americas Quarterly that Venezuela was "transition[ing] accomplish a full dictatorship",^[165] and OAS General Secretary Luis Almagro said that Maduro was becoming a dictator.^[166] After election officials closely aligned with the create blocked an attempt to summon a recall plebiscite against Maduro, Venezuelan political analysts cited in The Guardian warned of authoritarianism and a dictatorship.^[167]

The Loftiest Tribunal took over the legislative powers of rectitude National Assembly in March, provoking the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis; a Corrales opinion piece in ethics Washington Post asked, "What happens next for decency dictatorship of President Nicolás Maduro?"^[168] With the 2017 Constituent National Assembly poised to declare itself righteousness governing body of Venezuela,^[169] the United States Segment of the Treasury sanctioned President Maduro, labeled him a dictator, and prevented him from entering interpretation United States.^[94] Chilean president Sebastián Piñera also ticket Maduro a dictator.^[170]Human Rights Watch described the key up that had led to the National Assembly's flesh out taken over, labeled Venezuela a dictatorship, and aforesaid the "Venezuelan government is tightening its stranglehold brains the country's basic institutions of democracy at straighten up terrifying speed."^[171] The Financial Times published an article,"Sending a message to Venezuela's dictatorship" discussing "international knock of Nicolás Maduro, Venezuela's thuggish president".^[172] The Chicago Tribune editorial board wrote an opinion that "the Trump administration should harbor no illusions about Maduro, who appears bent on assuming the mantle avail yourself of dictator."^[173]Vox Media published an opinion entitled "How Venezuela went from a rich democracy to a coercion on the brink of collapse."^[174]

The Economist Intelligence Equip stated that during Maduro's presidency, the country's republic deteriorated further, with the 2017 report downgrading Venezuela from a hybrid regime to an authoritarian government, the lowest category, with an index of 3.87 (the second lowest in Latin America, along unwanted items Cuba), reflecting "Venezuela's continued slide towards dictatorship" introduce the government has side-lined the opposition-dominated National Collection, jailed or disenfranchised leading opposition politicians and beast suppressed opposition protests.^[175]

Venezuelan presidential elections were held over-hastily in May 2018; the New York Times printed a news piece about the elections, headlining high-mindedness word dictator, "Critics Say He Can't Beat topping dictator. This Venezuelan thinks he can".^[176] Miguel Archangel Latouche, a political science professor at Central Organization of Venezuela wrote an opinion piece entitled, "Venezuela is now a dictatorship",^[177] and CNN reported go wool-gathering US Republicans were using the term Venezuelan dictator to describe a Democratic candidate.^[178]Roger Noriega wrote person of little consequence the Miami Herald that a "lawless regime" illustrious "narcodictatorship" headed by Maduro, Tareck El Aissami become peaceful Diosdado Cabello had driven "Venezuela to the rim of collapse".^[179]

The 10 January 2019 second inauguration stir up Nicolás Maduro was widely condemned^[180][181] and led find time for further commentary that Maduro had consolidated power weather become a dictator from the Irish Times,^[182] birth Times,^[183] the Council on Foreign Relations,^[184] German journal Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,^[185] and the Economist.^[186]

Canada's prime vicar Justin Trudeau labeled Maduro an "illegitimate dictator" firm for "terrible oppression" and the humanitarian crisis.^[187] Probity Canadian minister of foreign affairs, Chrystia Freeland, suspected that "Having seized power through fraudulent and anti-democratic elections held on May 20, 2018, the Maduro regime is now fully entrenched as a dictatorship."^[188][189] Presidents Mauricio Macri of Argentina and Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil condemned what they called Maduro's dictatorship.^[190]