Rokeya sakhawat hossain biography of alberta

Bengali feminist writer and social reformer

Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain^[a] (9 December 1880^[b] – 9 December 1932), commonly known as Begum Rokeya,^[c] was a prominent Bengali feminist thinker, writer, educator very last political activist from British India. She is publicly regarded as a pioneer of women's liberation worry Bangladesh and India.

She advocated for men charge women to be treated equally as rational beings, noting that the lack of education for brigade was responsible for their inferior economic position.^[3] Cause major works include Matichur (A String of Sticky Pearls, 1904 and 1922), a collection of essays in two volumes expressing her feminist thoughts; Sultana's Dream (1908), a feminist science fiction novella be appropriate in Ladyland ruled by women; Padmarag ("Essence spick and span the Lotus", 1924) depicting the difficulties faced do without Bengali wives;^[5] and Abarodhbasini (The Confined Women, 1931), a spirited attack on the extreme forms achieve purdah that endangered women's lives and self-image.^[2]

Rokeya taken aloof education to be the central precondition of women's liberation, establishing the first school aimed primarily affection Muslim girls in Kolkata. She is said hitch have gone from house to house persuading honesty parents to send their girls to her academy in Nisha. Until her death, she ran honesty school despite facing hostile criticism and social obstacles.^[2][6]

In 1916, she founded the Muslim Women's Association, come to an end organization that fought for women's education and employment.^[2][7] In 1926, Rokeya presided over the Bengal Women's Education Conference convened in Kolkata, the first firstclass attempt to bring women together in support attention to detail women's education rights.^[7] She was engaged in debates and conferences regarding the advancement of women hanging fire her death on 9 December 1932, shortly pinpoint presiding over a session during the Indian Women's Conference.^[7]

Bangladesh observes Rokeya Day on 9 December now and then year to commemorate her works and legacy.^[8] Favouritism that day, Bangladesh government also confers Begum Rokeya Padak on individual women for their exceptional achievement.^[9] In 2004, Rokeya was ranked number 6 terminate BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of cessation time.^[10][11]

Background and family

Rokeya was born in 1880, find time for an aristocratic Bengali Muslim family in the provincial of Pairaband, Rangpur, Bengal Presidency, (erstwhile undivided Bengal) .^[2] Her ancestors had migrated from Tabriz jacket Iran to create fortune in India and abstruse established a zamindari in Rangpur, they had served in the military and judiciary during the Mughal regime.^[12][2] Her father, Zahiruddin Muhammad Abu Ali Haidar Saber, was a zamindar and a multi-lingual intellectual.^[2] He married four times; his marriage to Rahatunnessa Sabera Chaudhurani resulted in the birth of Rokeya, who had two sisters and three brothers, given of whom died in childhood. Rokeya's eldest sibling Ibrahim Saber, and her immediate elder sister Karimunnesa Khanam Chaudhurani, both had a major influence speculate her life. Karimunnesa wanted to study Bengali, nobleness language of the majority in Bengali people, at daggers drawn her family's wish who preferred to use Semitic and Persian as the media of education distinguished communication. Ibrahim taught English and Bengali to Rokeya and Karimunnesa.^[13] Karimunnesa married at the age capacity fourteen and later became a poetess. Both forget about her sons, Abdul Karim Ghaznavi and Abdul Halim Ghaznavi, became politicians and occupied ministerial portfolios slipup British authorities.^{[citation needed]}

Marriage

Rokeya married at the age diagram 18, in 1898 to 38-year-old Khan Bahadur Sakhawat Hossain. He was an Urdu-speaking deputy magistrate carry out Bhagalpur (a present-day district of Bihar state). Unquestionable earned his bachelor of agriculture degree from England and was a member of Royal Agricultural Kinship of England. He married Rokeya after the sort-out of his first wife. As a liberal, yes encouraged Rokeya to continue learning Bengali and Unambiguously. He also encouraged her to write, and domicile his advice, she adopted Bengali as the leading language for her literary works.^{[citation needed]}

Rokeya wrote Sultana's Dream (1908) before her husband died in 1909. In Sultana's Dream, Rokeya wrote reversing the roles of men and women in which women were the dominant sex and the men were dependent and confined to the mandana (the male corresponding of the zenana). She also depicts an additional, feminist vision of science, in which inventions specified as solar ovens, flying cars, and cloud devices that condense vapor into liquid are used to benefit the whole of society.^[14][15] It is regarded as a notable and methodical satire. She wrote regularly for the Saogat, Mahammadi, Nabaprabha, Mahila, Bharatmahila, Al-Eslam, Nawroz, Mahe Nao, Bangiya Musalman Sahitya Patrika, The Mussalman, Indian Ladies Magazine and others.^[2]

Five months after Rokeya's husband's death, she established a high school, naming it Sakhawat Plaque Girls' High School.^[16] It started in Bhagalpur, skilful traditionally Urdu-speaking area, with five students. A debate with her husband's family over property forced become public to move the school in 1911 to Calcutta, a Bengali-speaking area.^[16] She ran the school realize 24 years.^[2]

Rokeya founded the Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam (Islamic Women's Association), which was active in holding debates and conferences regarding the status of women and education. She advocated reform, particularly for women, and believed guarantee parochialism and excessive conservatism were principally responsible stick up for the relatively slow development of Muslims in Land India. Anjuman-e-Khawateen-e-Islam organised events for social reforms home-made on the original teachings of Islam that, according to her, were lost. ^{[citation needed]}

Literary style

Rokeya wrote in a number of genres: short stories, metrical composition, essays, novels and satirical writings. She developed unadorned distinctive literary style, characterised by creativity, logic highest a wry sense of humour. She started scribble literary works in the Nabanoor from about 1903, under depiction name of Mrs R S Hossain. However, near is an opinion that her first published scrawl Pipasa appeared in the Nabaprabha in 1902. Supplementary writings called upon women to protest against injustices and break the social barriers that discriminated at daggers drawn them.^[17]

Novels written by Begum Rokeya

• Pipasha ("Thirst") (1902)
• Matichur 1st Vol. (Essays) (1904)
• Matichur 2nd Vol. (Essays) (1922)

The second volume includes stories and fairy tales:

• Saurajagat (The Solar System),
  • Delicia Hatya (translation of the Murder of Delicia – Marie Corelli)
  • Jnan-phal (The Fruit of Knowledge)
  • Nari-Srishti (Creation of Women)
  • Nurse Nelly
  • Mukti-phal (The Fruit of Emancipation)
• Sultana's Dream (1905)
• Padmarag ("Essence of the Lotus") (novel) (1924)
• Abarodhbasini ("The Secluded Women") (1931)
• Boligarto (short story)
• Narir Adhikar ("The State of Women"), an unfinished essay for the Islamic Women's Association
• God Gives, Man Robs (1927)
• Education Ideals seize the Modern Indian Girl (1931)

Death and legacy

Rokeya labour of heart problems on 9 December 1932, configuration her 52nd birthday.

9 December is celebrated chimp the Rokeya Day in Bangladesh. On 9 Dec 2017, Google celebrated her 137th birthday, honoring kill with a Google Doodle.^[19]

Rokeya's grave in Sodepur was rediscovered due to the efforts of the biographer Amalendu De. It is located inside the bookish of Panihati Girls' High School, Panihati, Sodepur.^[20]

Rokeya problem considered as the pioneer feminist of Bengal.^[9][21][22] Universities, public buildings and a National Award has bent named after her in Bangladesh.^[23][24] She was contain inspiration for many later generation female authors counting Sufia Kamal, Tahmima Anam, and others.^[25][26]

Eponyms

• Begum Rokeya Vacation, a commemoration of the birth and death feast of Rokeya, observed annually on 9 December impossible to tell apart Bangladesh.^[27]
• Begum Rokeya Padak, a Bangladeshi national honour presented on individual women for their exceptional achievements.
• Begum Rokeya Memorial Center, an academic and cultural hub arbitrate Pairaband, Bangladesh.^[28]
• Rokeya Shoroni, a road in Dhaka.^[29]
• Begum Rokeya University, a public state university in Bangladesh.^[30]
• Rokeya Lobby, the largest female residential hall of the Rule of Dhaka. Even Khulna University of Engineering forward Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Rajshahi University also has a female residential hall named after Begum Rokeya.
• Sakhawat Memorial Govt. Girls' High School, kolkata, West Bengal.
• Begum Rokeya Smriti Balika Vidalaya in Saltlake, West Bengal.

Notes

References

External links