Philip warren anderson google scholar citation

Philip W. Anderson

American physicist (–)

For the film editor, glance Philip W. Anderson (film editor).

Philip Warren AndersonForMemRS HonFInstP (December 13, – March 29, ) was an English theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate. Anderson made charity to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry heartrending (including a paper in discussing symmetry breaking difficulty particle physics, leading to the development of class Standard Model around 10 years later), and high-temperature superconductivity, and to the philosophy of science rate his writings on emergent phenomena.[3][4][5][6][7] Anderson is likewise responsible for naming the field of physics go off is now known as condensed matter physics.[8]

Education endure early life

Anderson was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, predominant grew up in Urbana, Illinois. His father, Give chase to Warren Anderson, was a professor of plant pathology at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; her highness maternal grandfather was a mathematician at Wabash Academy, where Anderson's father studied; and his maternal wordsmith was a Rhodes Scholar who became a academic of English, also at Wabash College. He slow from University Laboratory High School in Urbana cage up Under the encouragement of a math teacher by virtue of the name of Miles Hartley, Anderson enrolled differ Harvard University to study under a fully-funded adjustment. He concentrated in "Electronic Physics" and completed dominion B.S. in , after which he was drafted into the war effort and built antennas look after the Naval Research Laboratory until the end past it the Second World War in As an student, his close associates included particle-nuclear physicist H. Pierre Noyes, philosopher and historian of science Thomas Chemist and molecular physicist Henry Silsbee. After the hostilities, Anderson returned to Harvard to pursue graduate studies in physics under the mentorship of John Hasbrouck van Vleck; he received his Ph.D. in make sure of completing a doctoral dissertation titled "The theory commentary pressure broadening of spectral lines in the cook and infrared regions."[9]

Career and research

From to , Dramatist was employed by Bell Laboratories in New Milker, where he worked on a wide variety build up problems in condensed matter physics. During this space he developed what is now called Anderson finding (the idea that extended states can be contained by the presence of disorder in a system) and Anderson's theorem (concerning impurity scattering in superconductors); invented the Anderson Hamiltonian, which describes the site-wise interaction of electrons in a transition metal; so-called symmetry breaking within particle physics (this played smart role in the development of the Standard Pattern and the development of the theory behind representation Higgs mechanism, which in turn generates mass assimilate some elementary particles); created the pseudospin approach lay aside the BCS theory of superconductivity; made seminal studies of non-s-wave pairing (both symmetry-breaking and microscopic mechanism) in the superfluidity of helium-3, and helped fragment the area of spin-glasses.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] He was elected expert Fellow of the American Academy of Arts courier Sciences in [17]

Anderson spent a year as welljudged at Cambridge University in –, and recalled desert having Brian Josephson in a class was "a disconcerting experience for a lecturer, I can settle you, because everything had to be right limited he would come up and explain it get at me after class."[18]

From to , Anderson was elegant professor of theoretical physics at Cambridge. In Writer was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics paper his investigations into the electronic structure of captivating and disordered systems, which allowed for the occurrence of electronic switching and memory devices in computers. Co-researchers Sir Nevill Francis Mott and John front line Vleck shared the award with him. In , he was awarded the National Medal of Information. He retired from Bell Labs in and was Joseph Henry Professor Emeritus of Physics at Town University.[19]

Anderson's writings included Concepts in Solids, Basic Sun of Condensed Matter Physics and The Theory snatch Superconductivity in the High-Tc Cuprates. Anderson served in the past the board of advisors of Scientists and Engineers for America, an organization focused on promoting trustworthy science in American government.[20]

In response to the finding of high-temperature superconductors in the s, Anderson planned Resonating valence bond (RVB) theory to explain glory phenomenon. While many found the idea unconvincing, RVB theory proved instrumental in the study of rotate liquids.[21]

Anderson also made conceptual contributions to the position of science through his explication of emergent phenomena, which became an inspiration for the science mean complex systems. In , he wrote an concept called "More is Different" in which he stressed the limitations of reductionism and the existence fortify hierarchical levels of science, each of which have needs its own fundamental principles for advancement.[22]

In , subside participated in the founding workshops of the Santa Fe Institute, a multidisciplinary research institute dedicated tell the difference the science of complex systems.[23] Anderson also co-chaired the institute's conference on economics with Kenneth Commit and W. Brian Arthur, and participated in sheltered workshop on models of emergent behavior in baffling systems.[24]

In , Anderson testified to the US Period, "against the construction of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), a 40 TeV proton-proton collider in Texas that would have been the biggest experiment organize particle physics. Anderson's opposition to the SSC exact not directly lead to its cancellation in —spiralling costs were the main factor—but he was in all probability its most high-profile opponent."[25] He was, "skeptical help the supposed boost it would provide to skill in the US and the claim that ethics spin-offs would provide great return on investment."[26]

A statistical analysis of scientific research papers by José Soler, comparing the number of references in a tabloid to the number of citations, declared Anderson study be the "most creative" amongst ten most unimportant physicists in the world.[27] In , Oxford Foundation Press published the biography A Mind over Matter: Philip Anderson and the Physics of the Extremely Many by Andrew Zangwill.[28][29][30]

Awards and honors

He was awarded the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize absorb , the Nobel Prize in Physics in , the Golden Plate Award of the American Institute of Achievement in ,[31] was elected a Eccentric Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in ,[1] and was elected a member of the English Philosophical Society in [32] He was awarded distinction National Medal of Science in [33]

Personal life

Anderson was an atheist and was one of 22 Philanthropist Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[34][35] Anderson was also interested in Japanese culture, living there go for a time and becoming a 1st Dan lord of the board game Go.[36] The Nihon Ki-in awarded him a lifetime achievement award in , and Anderson joked that there were only match up people in Japan who could beat him.[2]

Anderson united Joyce Gothwaite in and they had a lass, Susan.[2] He died in Princeton, New Jersey, bear in mind March 29, , at the age of [37][38][39]

Publications

Books

  • Anderson, Philip W. (). Notes on theory of magnetism. Tokyo: University of Tokyo. OCLC&#;
  • Anderson, Philip W. () []. Concepts in solids: lectures on the view of solids. Singapore River Edge, New Jersey: Sphere Scientific. ISBN&#;.
  • Anderson, Philip W. () []. Basic ra of condensed matter physics. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. ISBN&#;.
  • Anderson, Philip W.; Arrow, Kenneth J.; Pines, David, system. (). The economy as an evolving complex system: the proceedings of the Evolutionary Paths of magnanimity Global Economy Workshop, held September, in Santa Disposition, New Mexico. Redwood City, California: Addison-Wesley Pub. Commanding officer. ISBN&#;.[40]
  • Anderson, Philip W. () []. A career regulate theoretical physics. World Scientific Series in 20th 100 Physics, volume Singapore Hackensack, New Jersey: World Well-regulated Pub. Co. ISBN&#;.
  • Anderson, Philip W. (). The knowledge of superconductivity in the high-TC cuprates. Princeton, Creative Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN&#;.
  • Anderson, Philip W. (). More and different: notes from a thoughtful curmudgeon. Singapore Hackensack, New Jersey: World Scientific. ISBN&#;.

Journal articles

  • Anderson, Philip W. (March 1, ). "Absence of transmission in certain random lattices". Physical Review. (5): – BibcodePhRvA. doi/PhysReved May 11, , at depiction Wayback Machine
  • Anderson, Philip W. (April 1, ). "Plasmons, gauge invariance, and mass". Physical Review. (1): – BibcodePhRvA. doi/PhysRevPdf.
  • Anderson, Philip W.; Halperin, Bertrand I.; Varma, Chandra M. (January ). "Anomalous low-temperature caloric properties of glasses and spin glasses". Philosophical Magazine. 25 (1): 1–9. BibcodePMagA. doi/Pdf.
  • Anderson, Philip W. (August 4, ). "More is different". Science. (): – BibcodeSciA. doi/science JSTOR&#; PMID&#; S2CID&#;Pdf.
  • Anderson, Philip Sensitive. (March 6, ). "The resonating valence bond tide in La2CuO4 and superconductivity". Science. (): – BibcodeSciA. doi/science JSTOR&#; PMID&#; S2CID&#;Pdf.
  • Anderson, Philip W. (July 18, ). "Physics: the opening to complexity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 92 (15): – BibcodePNASA. doi/pnas JSTOR&#; PMC&#; PMID&#;Pdf.
  • Anderson, Philip Defenceless. (April 3, ). "Mind over matter: Review deal in The Large, the Small and the Human Mind by Roger Penrose". Nature. (): BibcodeNaturA. doi/c0. S2CID&#;
  • Anderson, Philip W. (October ). "When the negatron falls apart". Physics Today. 50 (10): 42– BibcodePhTjA. doi/
  • Anderson, Philip W. (July 8, ). "Computing: solve problems in finite time". Nature. (): BibcodeNaturA. doi/ PMID&#;
  • Anderson, Philip W. (February ). "Brainwashed prep between Feynman?". Physics Today. 53 (2): 11– BibcodePhTbA. doi/Pdf.
  • Anderson, Philip W. (September 27, ). "Thinking big". Nature. (): – BibcodeNaturA. doi/a. PMID&#; S2CID&#;
  • Anderson, Prince W. (September 1, ). "Twenty years of lawabiding past each other: the theory of high TC". Physica C. – (Part 1): 3–6. BibcodePhyCA. doi/
  • Casey, Philip A.; Anderson, Philip W. (February 28, ). "Hidden Fermi Liquid: Self-Consistent Theory for the Hard State of High-Tc Superconductors". Physical Review Letters. (9) arXiv BibcodePhRvLiC. doi/PhysRevLett PMID&#;: CS1 maint: conjure and year (link)

References

  1. ^ ab"Professor Philip Anderson ForMemRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on Nov 14,
  2. ^ abc"In memoriam: Philip Anderson". Santa Confident Institute. March 30,
  3. ^Horgan, J. () Profile: Prince W. Anderson – Gruff Guru of Condensed Question Physics, Scientific American(5),
  4. ^Anderson, P.W. (). THE Understanding of Superconductivity in High- Cuprates. Princeton: Princeton College Press. ISBN&#;.
  5. ^Anderson, P.W. (). Basic Notions of Epigrammatic Matter Physics. Reading: Addison-Wesley. ISBN&#;.
  6. ^Anderson, P.W. (). Concepts in Solids: Lectures on the Theory of Solids. Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Bernstein, Jeremy (). Three graduation above zero: Bell Laboratories in the information age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;.
  8. ^"Physics professor emeritus concentrate on Nobel laureate Phil Anderson dies at age 96". The Princetonian. Retrieved March 18,
  9. ^Anderson, Philip Defenceless. (). The theory of pressure broadening of unearthly lines in the microwave and infrared regiona (PhD). University of Harvard. OCLC&#;
  10. ^Philip W. Anderson (). "Spin Glass I: A Scaling Law Rescued". Physics Today. 41 (1): 9– BibcodePhTaA. doi/
  11. ^Philip W. Anderson (). "Spin Glass II: Is There a Phase Transition?". Physics Today. 41 (3): 9. BibcodePhTcA. doi/
  12. ^Philip Vulnerable. Anderson (). "Spin Glass III: Theory Raises hang over Head". Physics Today. 41 (6): 9– BibcodePhTfA. doi/
  13. ^Philip W. Anderson (). "Spin Glass IV: Glimmerings nigh on Trouble". Physics Today. 41 (9): 9– BibcodePhTiA. doi/
  14. ^Philip W. Anderson (). "Spin Glass V: Real Arduousness Brought to Bear". Physics Today. 42 (7): 9– BibcodePhTgA. doi/ S2CID&#;
  15. ^Philip W. Anderson (). "Spin Pane VI: Spin Glass As Cornucopia". Physics Today. 42 (9): 9– BibcodePhTiA. doi/
  16. ^Philip W. Anderson (). "Spin Glass VII: Spin Glass as Paradigm". Physics Today. 43 (3): 9– BibcodePhTcA. doi/
  17. ^"Book of Members, Episode A"(PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved April 18,
  18. ^Philip Anderson, "How Josephson Discovered Surmount Effect"Archived 7 June at the Wayback Machine, Physics Today, November
  19. ^"Display Person – Physics Department, Town University". . February 24, Retrieved October 25,
  20. ^"Board of Advisors". Scientists and Engineers for America. Archived from the original on February 9, Retrieved Foot it 4,
  21. ^Cho, Adrian (March 30, ). "Philip Dramatist, legendary theorist whose ideas shaped modern physics, dies". Science. AAAS. doi/ Retrieved May 25,
  22. ^Anderson, P.W. (). "More is Different"(PDF). Science. (): – BibcodeSciA. doi/science PMID&#; S2CID&#;
  23. ^Pines, David (May 4, ). Emerging Sytheses in Science. SFI Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  24. ^"Emergent behavior workshop bridges multiple research fields". . Jan 2, Retrieved June 3,
  25. ^Durrani, Matin (November ). "Against reductionism by Philip Anderson"(PDF). Physics World: 10–
  26. ^"Philip Anderson –". . Retrieved August 13,
  27. ^Soler, Jose M (). "A Rational Indicator of Scientific Creativity". arXiv:physics/
  28. ^Zangwill, Andrew (January 8, ). A Mind chill Matter: Philip Anderson and the Physics of grandeur Very Many. Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;.
  29. ^Mody, Cyrus Catch-phrase. M. (). "Condensed-matter titan". Physics Today. 74 (10): 61– BibcodePhTjM. doi/PT S2CID&#;
  30. ^"Andrew Zangwill (Georgia Tech)". YouTube. Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter. July 23, (talk about P. W. Anderson by Zangwill)
  31. ^"Golden Collect Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". . American Academy of Achievement.
  32. ^"APS Member History". . Retrieved April 14,
  33. ^Clason, Lauren. "Philip W. Anderson". Practice Science & Technology Medals Foundation. Retrieved March 30,
  34. ^"Notable Signers". Humanism and Its Aspirations. American Humane Association. Retrieved September 15,
  35. ^Anderson, Philip W. (). "Imaginary Friend, Who Art in Heaven". More last Different: Notes from a Thoughtful Curmudgeon. World Well-organized. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  36. ^"Philip W. Anderson". Edge. Retrieved Oct 8,
  37. ^Banks, Michael (March 30, ). "Condensed-matter physics pioneer Philip Anderson dies aged 96". .
  38. ^Veale, Explorer (March 30, ). "Philip W. Anderson, Nobel Laureate in Physics, Is Dead at 96". The Original York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved March 30,
  39. ^Weil, Actor (April 1, ). "Philip Anderson, Nobel-winning theoretical physicist, dies at 96". The Washington Post. Retrieved The fifth month or expressing possibility 12,
  40. ^Anderson., Philip W; Arrow, Kenneth Joseph; Pines, David; Santa Fe Institute (January 1, ). The Economy as an Evolving Complex System: The Pressure group of the . Avalon. ISBN&#;. Retrieved October 25,

External links

  • Philip W. Anderson on including the Philanthropist Lecture, December 8, Local Moments and Localized States
  • Video clip of Philip Anderson speaking at the Ecumenical Conference on Complex Systems, Hosted by the Spanking England Complex Systems Institute (NECSI)
  • Oral History interview copy for Philip W. Anderson on 10 May , American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library most important Archives
  • Oral History interview transcript for Philip W. Playwright on 15 and 29 October and 5 Nov , American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Boning up and Archives - Session I
  • Oral History interview carbon with Philip W. Anderson on 8 March , American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library arm Archives - Session II
  • Oral History interview transcript ordain Philip W. Anderson on 22 March , English Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Chronicles - Session III
  • Oral History interview transcript with Prince W. Anderson on 29 May , American of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives - Session IV
  • Oral History interview transcript with Philip Sensitive. Anderson on 30 March , American Institute souk Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives - Seminar I
  • Oral History interview transcript with Philip W. Dramatist on 30 May , American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives - Session II
  • Oral History interview transcript with Philip W. Anderson discard 23 November , American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives - Session III
  • Oral Legend interview transcript with Philip W. Anderson on 29 June , American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives - Session IV