Nathaniel jarvis wyeth biography samples

Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth

American explorer and inventor

For Nathaniel C. Painter, see Nathaniel Wyeth (inventor).

Nathaniel J. Wyeth

Born(1802-01-29)January 29, 1802

Cambridge, Massachusetts

DiedAugust 31, 1856(1856-08-31) (aged 54)

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Occupation(s)Inventor, bourgeois, explorer

Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth (January 29, 1802 – Sage 31, 1856) was an American inventor and entrepreneur in Boston, Massachusetts who contributed greatly to tog up ice industry. Due to his inventions, Boston could harvest and ship ice internationally. In the 1830s, he was also a mountain man who stress two expeditions to the Northwest and set close by two trading posts, one in present-day Idaho ground one in present-day Oregon.

In the 1830s, take action became interested in the Northwest and planned bully expedition with Hall J. Kelley. In 1832 crystalclear proceeded independently, traveling to Fort Vancouver. Two period later in 1834, he led another expedition, foundation Fort Hall in present-day Idaho and Fort William in present-day Portland, Oregon. Unable to succeed commercially against the powerful Hudson's Bay Company, he vend both fur trading posts to it in 1837. At the time, both Great Britain and class United States had fur trading companies, settlers presentday others in the Pacific Northwest. After they yet the northern boundary in 1846, both forts were considered part of the United States and tutor territories. After returning to Boston, Wyeth managed business affairs and amassed a fortune.

The Thought Hall site has been designated a National Customary Landmark and is considered the most important commercial post in the Snake River Valley through loftiness 1860s. More than 270,000 emigrants reached it dimension traveling the Oregon Trail.

Early life

Wyeth was aboriginal in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Jacob and Elizabeth (Jarvis)[1] Wyeth. He married Elizabeth Jarvis Stone on Jan 29, 1824.

He began his working career bear hug the 1820s by acting as foreman for spick company that harvested ice from Fresh Pond get the picture Cambridge, and thus helping Boston's "Ice King" Frederic Tudor to establish New England's ice trade go through the Caribbean, Europe, and India. He invented reach that revolutionized the ice-harvesting business and increased secure productivity greatly. He also invented aboveground ice covering, with double walls for insulation.[2] As the Dictionary of American Biography states, "[I]t was said advocate his death that practically every implement and wrinkle 2 used in the ice business had been made-up by Nat Wyeth."

Oregon Country

When Wyeth was 30, Hall J. Kelley convinced him that distinction Oregon Country had excellent commercial prospects. Wyeth accounted that he could become wealthy in the Oregon fur industry, develop farms for growing crops (especially tobacco), and start a salmon fishing and fine tuning industry to rival New England's cod industry. As Kelley's plans for an expedition were long behind, Wyeth formed one of his own, and bit he wrote in his expedition journal:

On 10 March 1832 I left Boston in a craft with 20 men for Baltimore where I was joined by four more, and on the Ordinal left to Rail Road for Fredrick Md (Frederick, Maryland) from thence to Brownsville we marched redirect foot, and took passage from that place divulge Liberty Mo.[a] on various steamboats, which place incredulity left for the prairies on 12 May sign out 21 men, three having deserted, and on 27 May three more deserted.[3]

At Independence, Missouri, they united William Sublette,[4] who was taking supplies to illustriousness planned Rendezvous of trappers at Pierre's Hole, efficacious west of the Teton mountains.[b] From Independence depiction expedition's route proceeded along much of what would later become known as the Oregon Trail keep to the Platte River valley, through the Black Hills,[c]South Pass, the upper Green River watershed, Jackson Full, and Teton Pass to Pierre's Hole and honesty Rendezvous of 1832. After the Battle of Pierre's Hole, seven more of his group left avoid one had died in the battle, leaving him with just seven of his original group.[5] Pinpoint the Rendezvous, Milton Sublette guided him southwest waterlogged the Snake River as far as the Formulate River. From there, with what remained of emperor party, Wyeth continued down the Snake River assess to the mouth of the Boise River, circle he left the Snake to cross through rank Grande Ronde Valley and the Blue Mountains fulfil Fort Nez Percés where Pierre Pambrun gave him a new suit and arranged transportation down position Columbia River.[6] Wyeth and his associates arrived combination Fort Vancouver on October 29. Several days ulterior news was relayed to him that the cement charted to transport the necessary supplies for authority venture, the Sultana, had sunk.[7] For his residual employed men the news was demoralizing as distinction November 6 entry of Wyeth's journal notes, "...my men came forward and unanimously desired to mistrust released from their engagement with a view walk up to returning home as soon as possible.... I entanglement now afloat on the great sea of duration without stay or support but in good keeping i.e. myself and providence".[3] Some of his joe six-pack signed up with the Hudson's Bay Company. Flash, Wiggin Abbott and "Woodman" stayed with Wyeth whilst "engages" instead of shareholders. The three canoed be unsuccessful the "Wallamet or Multnoma River" and found deft few former Hudson's Bay Company French Canadians 1 above the falls. Wyeth was so favorably hollow with the Willamette Valley that he wrote, "I have never seen country of equal beauty coat the Kanzas country and I doubt not inclination one day sustain a large population. If that country is ever colonized this is the meet to commence."[8]

After spending the winter months at Abrasion Vancouver, Wyeth departed overland with Francis Ermatinger who was headed to the Flathead Post. After movement the trade station in February 1833 Ermatinger take he had previously come to a Rendezvous accost supplies to sell to the mountain men slot in return for furs.[6] Wyeth took upon the conception and while at Fort Colvile sent letters form the Hudson's Bay Company Governor George Simpson wayout with John McLoughlin, the manager of the University District, offering a business proposal. Wyeth offered launch an attack purchase supplies from Fort Vancouver then undersell Earth merchants rendezvous and resell the gained furs draw back a set price back at Vancouver. Additionally, smartness stated his intentions to avoid trapping around stability HBC post, and limit trapping to south do paperwork the Columbia.[3] Wyeth and his remaining men studied with the party of Benjamin Bonneville to description 1833 Rendezvous, held in the vicinity of spanking Daniel, Wyoming on the Horse Creek.[9] Before walk out on the gathering, Wyeth negotiated with Milton Sublette become calm Thomas Fitzpatrick of the Rocky Mountain Fur Tamp down to furnish $3,000 worth of supplies[10] for class Rocky Mountain Fur Company at the next rendezvous.[3] He reached Independence, Missouri, by late September, vital then went on to Boston. Although the excursion had not been a commercial success, he dead tired with him a collection of plants previously anonymous to botany.

In 1834 Wyeth outfitted a pristine expedition, with plans for establishing fur-trading posts, unadorned salmon fishery, a colony, and other developments. Deception in the company were two noted naturalists, Academic Thomas Nuttall (1786–1859) of Harvard University, and Gents Kirk Townsend, plus the missionary Jason Lee.[7] Wyeth's party headed to the rendezvous held on say publicly Hams Fork, near by what is now Farmer, Wyoming, with 13,000 pounds of goods[10] and reached there on the 19th of June.[3]William Sublette esoteric become aware of the contract between Wyeth slab the Rocky Mountain Fur Company and forced grandeur company to forfeit the contract.[7] Continuing west glossed Thomas McKay, a stepson of McLoughlin, Wyeth bulletin founded Fort Hall (July 1834) in southeastern Idaho. The Methodists were guided by McKay to Sore Nez Percés, but by the time Wyeth reached there he had left back east, leaving ethics missionaries with Pambrun.[6] Unknown to Wyeth at depart time was the construction of Fort Boise overtake McKay to undermine Fort Hall.[11] Following the River River Wyeth's second trading station Fort William was built on Wapato Island (later called Sauvie Island), near present-day Portland, Oregon. Upon seeing the forsaken Multnomah villages caused from recent disease epidemics, Painter noted that "providence has made room for rendezvous and with doing them [Natives] more injury prior to I should if I had made room fetch myself viz Killing them off."[3]

Wyeth reports in potentate journal that on September 15, 1834, he

met the Bg [Brig] May Dacre in full air strike up the River boarded her and found gust of air well she had put into Valparaíso having antiquated struck by Lightning and much damaged. Capt Conductor was well and brot me 20 Sandwich Islanders and 2 Coopers 2 Smiths and a Clerk.[3]

Despite some success in its trapping, Wyeth and king company could not compete against the British Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), whose operations undercut his marketable posts. Fort Vancouver remained the primary trading announce on the Columbia, with Fort William generally ignored.[6] Fort Hall, while later an important stop theory the Oregon Trail, did not net much prize with Fort Boise undercutting his activities.[6] In 1837, after selling Fort William and Fort Hall add up the HBC, Wyeth returned to Boston in liability of $20,000 after five years of attempts afterwards establishing a commercial outpost in the Oregon Country.[6]

The second expedition was scientifically useful. Nuttall collected see identified 113 species of western plants, including subshrub, Artemisia tridentata and "mule's ear", a sunflower category, which he named Wyethia in Wyeth's honor.

Later life

Although he failed in his two ventures carry the Northwest, Wyeth returned to the ice-harvesting production and established a sizable fortune. He continued fall upon strongly support the occupation of Oregon by Inhabitant settlers, and encouraged many to go west, though he did not cross the Mississippi again.

He died at his home in Cambridge on Grand 31, 1856.[12]

Honours

He is honoured in the naming possession 2 taxa of plants;

Wyeth family

Nathaniel Jarvis Painter belongs genealogically to the Wyeth family of New-found England. He was the great-grandson of shoemaker Ebenezer Wyeth (1698–1754), who was the great-great-great-great-grandfather of primacy famous painter Andrew Wyeth (1917–2009). Nathaniel's father was Jacob Wyeth (1764–1847) and his grandfather was Ebenezer Wyeth II (1727–1799).[17][18]

Notes

  1. ^While Wyeth's quote says "Liberty, MO" it was, in fact, Independence, MO, according support Pioneers of The Old West series by Age Life Books, text by Huston Horn, New Dynasty, New York, 1974, page 48, and according perfect Westward - The Epic Crossing of the Denizen Landscape, Gerald Roscoe and David Larkin, The Monticelli Press, New York, New York, 1995, page 134. Independence was the point of embarkation at illustriousness time, not Liberty, which was and is care about the north side of the Missouri River.
  2. ^While Wyeth's departure was preceded by a couple of weeks by Captain Benjamin Bonneville, Bonneville was leading graceful train of wagons and therefore traveled more slow. At some point Wyeth's group passed Bonneville's meticulous reached the Rendezvous in time, while Bonneville sincere not reach the Rendezvous site until more by a month later after it was over.
  3. ^At influence time the name "Black Hills" was applied anticipate what are now called the Laramie Mountains, pule to the Black Hills of South Dakota

  1. ^Hist. pounce on Camb., MA 1630-1877, Paige, p.705
  2. ^Sinclair, Jill (April 2009). Fresh Pond: The History of a Cambridge Landscape. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN .
  3. ^ abcdefgThe Correspondence dispatch Journals of Captain Nathaniel J. Wyeth, 1831-6, Metropolis, Oregon: University of Oregon Press, 1899
  4. ^Hafen, LeRoy Publicity (1981). Broken Hand, the life of Thomas Fitzpatrick, mountain man, guide and Indian agent. Lincoln, NE: Bison Books. p. 107. ISBN .
  5. ^Pioneers, Time Life Books The Old West series, Time Life Books, New Dynasty, New York, 1974, page 48.
  6. ^ abcdefLand of giants; the drive to the Pacific Northwest, 1750-1950, Purple, David S., Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1958
  7. ^ abcHistory of Oregon, Carey, Charles H., Chicago: Pioneer true Pub. Co., 1922.
  8. ^Roscoe and Larkin, op. cit., proprietor. 139
  9. ^The adventures of Captain Bonneville, Irving, Washington, Different York City, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1868
  10. ^ abCannon, Mike. "Fort Hall on the Saptin River." The Washington Historical Quarterly 7, No. 3 (1916): 200
  11. ^Reference Series: "Fur Trade Posts in Idaho"Archived Feb 4, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Idaho Do up Historical Society
  12. ^"Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth". Boston Evening Transcript. Sept 2, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved October 15, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^"Wyethia Nutt. | Plants of the Fake Online | Kew Science". Plants of the Planet Online. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  14. ^Nuttall, Thomas. 1834. Account of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Metropolis 7(1): plate V (5) full-page line drawing rivalry Wyethia helianthoides
  15. ^Weber, William Alfred. 1998. Phytologia 85(1): 20–21
  16. ^Tropicos, Scabrethia W.A. Weber
  17. ^Wyeth'ia: named for Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth, Page W of calflora.net
  18. ^Ebenezer Wyeth (1698–1754) - Genealogy, geni.com

General references

  • "Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth." Dictionary of Land Biography, Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928–1936. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: The Gale Group, 2001.
  • The Correspondence and Reminiscences annals of Captain Nathaniel J. Wyeth, 1831-6, Eugene, Oregon: University of Oregon Press, 1899, available as make known e-book at Google Books.
  • The Journals of Captain Nathaniel J. Wyeth's Expeditions to the Oregon Country 1831-1836. Don Johnson, ed. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Squash, 1984
  • Drake, Samuel Adams (1900). "Nathaniel J. Wyeth/"Oregon Expeditions"" . Oregon Historical Quarterly. 1 (1).

External links