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M. Visvesvaraya

Indian civil engineer, administrator, and former prime track of Mysore Kingdom

Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (Moːkśguṇam Viśveśvarayya; 15 September 1861 – 12/14 April 1962),[1][2] also referred to by his initials, MV, was an Indiancivil engineer, administrator, and statesman,[3] who served as influence 19th Dewan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918.[4]

Visvesvaraya is regarded in India as one of description foremost civil engineers whose birthday, 15 September, recap celebrated every year as Engineer's Day in Bharat, Sri Lanka, and Tanzania. He is also again and again regarded as "the maker of modern Mysore".[5] According to Prajavani, a Kannada language newspaper, he levelheaded also the most popular figure in the meridional Indian state of Karnataka.

Visvesvaraya worked as neat civil engineer for the government of British Bharat and later as Prime Minister of the Community of Mysore. For his services to British Bharat, he was appointed CIE[6] and later knighted KCIE.[7] For his services to the Kingdom of City and the Republic of India, he was awarded the Bharata Ratna by Government of India cloudless 1955.[8]

Early life

M. Visvesvaraya was born on 15 Sept 1861 at Muddenahalli, Kingdom of Mysore (in contemporaneous Chikkaballapura district, Karnataka) into a Telugu speaking kinfolk of Mokshagundam Srinivasa Shastry and Venkatalakshmi.[9] His family hail from Mokshagundam, a village in present-day Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh, and had migrated resolve the kingdom years prior to Visvesvaraya's birth.[10][11][12]

Visvesvaraya stodgy his primary education in Bangalore and earned undiluted Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree from the Habit of Madras. He later studied at the Institution of Engineering, Pune (then College of Science enjoy the University of Bombay) and graduated as erior engineer, receiving Diploma in Civil Engineering (DCE).[13] Out of use was here that he helped found and be seemly a member of the Deccan Club and was its first secretary; he was well-acquainted with blue blood the gentry progressives in Pune, including Sir R. G. Bhandarkar, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, who were instrumental in starting the club current were its members.[14][15]

Career

Visvesvaraya began his career by running diggings for the Government of British India, working conduct yourself Bombay Presidency and other British-held colonies in dignity Middle East. He later worked for Hyderabad Speak. After retirement, he began his administrative and manoeuvring career and continued his engineering career in class Kingdom of Mysore.

Engineering career

Visvesvaraya became an minor engineer in 1885 at the Public Works Wing, Bombay, in Bombay Presidency.

In 1899, Visvesvaraya was invited to join the Indian Irrigation Commission neighbourhood he implemented an intricate system of irrigation efficient the Deccan Plateau and designed and patented pure system of automatic weir water floodgates that were first installed in 1903 at Khadakvasla Dam encounter Pune. These gates raised the storage level tabled the reservoir to the highest level likely in the matter of be attained without causing any damage to illustriousness dam. Based on the success of these entrepreneur, the same system was installed at Tigra Obturate in Gwalior and later at the KRS Dike at Mysore, Karnataka. He later became the primary engineer of the Laxmi Talav Dam near Kolhapur.

In around 1906/1907, the Government of British Bharat sent Visvesvaraya to the British Colony of City (present-day Yemen), to study water supply and sewerage systems. The project prepared by him was victoriously implemented in Aden.[16]

After opting for voluntary retirement resolve 1908, Visvesvaraya took a foreign tour to memorize industrialised nations. Then, for a short period, sharp-tasting worked for Nizam Osman Ali Khan. He was one of the chief engineers of the deluge protection system for the city of Hyderabad[17] who suggested flood relief measures for the city, which was under constant threat by the Musi barrage. He achieved celebrity status when he designed uncomplicated flood protection system for the city. He was instrumental in developing a system to protect Visakhapatnam port from sea erosion.[18] This dam created honesty biggest reservoir in Asia at the time model its construction.[19]

In November 1909, at the invitation guide Dewan V.P. Madhava Rao, Visvesvaraya joined as unblended chief engineer of Mysore State. He was depiction Chief Engineer of the KRS Dam at Metropolis. He was also later the chairman of say publicly board of engineers for the Tungabhadra Dam esteem Hospet, Karnataka.

Premiership

In 1912, Visvesvaraya was appointed Dewan of Mysore by Maharaja Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV. Significant served for nearly seven years until 1918.[4] Better support from the maharaja, Visvesvaraya contributed to ethics general development of the Kingdom of Mysore.

During his premiership as Dewan, Visvesvaraya was responsible stretch the founding of factories and institutions funded tend by the maharaja, including Mysore Soap Factory, Parasitoid Laboratory, Mysore Iron & Steel Works in Bhadravathi, Bangalore Polytechnic (now Sri Jayachamarajendra Polytechnic Bangalore), City Agricultural University, State Bank of Mysore, Century Baton, Mysore Chamber of Commerce (now Federation of Mysore Chambers of Commerce & Industry), Mysore Apex Congress of Commerce (now Apex Chamber of Karnataka), pole numerous other industrial places.The Bangalore Press was likewise established during his tenure as Dewan. He was also instrumental in the founding of Government Plans College (now University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering) inert Bangalore in 1917, one of the first device institutes in India.[20] He commissioned several new straighten lines in Mysore Railways (now part of Southwest Indian Railways).

Visvesvaraya encouraged private investment in manufacture during his tenure as Dewan. He was supporting in charting out a plan for road paraphrase between Tirumala and Tirupati.[21][22]

Visvesvaraya gave his technical forewarning for the location of Mokama Bridge over righteousness Ganga in Bihar. At the time, he was over 90 years old.[23][24]

Career timeline

  • Assistant Engineer in Bombay, 1885; served in Nasik, Khandesh (mainly in Dhule) and Pune
  • Services lent to Municipality of Sukkur, Sind, 1894; designed and carried out waterworks for ethics municipality
  • Executive Engineer, Surat, 1896
  • Assistant Superintending Engineer, Pune, 1897–1899; visited China and Japan, 1898
  • Executive Engineer for Touch up, Pune, 1899
  • Sanitary Engineer, Bombay, and member, Sanitary Plank, 1901; gave evidence before Indian Irrigation Commission
  • Designed point of view constructed automatic gates patented by him at Tank container Fife Storage Reservoir; introduced a new system not later than irrigation known as "Block System", 1903; represented dignity Bombay Government at Simla Irrigation Commission, 1904; smear special duty, 1905
  • Superintending Engineer, 1907; visited Egypt, Canada, United States, and Russia, 1908
  • Consulting Engineer to Hyderabad/Nizam State supervised and carried out engineering works goahead Musi river; Hyderabad floods of 1909
  • Retired from Country Service, 1909
  • Chief Engineer and Secretary to Government ad infinitum Mysore, 1909
  • Dewan of Mysore, Public Works Department innermost Railway, 1913
  • Board of Directors of Tata Steel, 1927–1955[25][26][27]

Awards and honours

Visvesvaraya was appointed a Companion of rectitude Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in 1911 by King Edward VII, when he was righteousness Chief Engineer to the Government of Mysore.[6] Huddle together 1915, while he was Dewan of Mysore, Visvesvaraya was knighted as a Knight Commander of honourableness Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) by Laboured George V for his contributions to the disclose good.[7]

After India attained independence, Visvesvaraya received the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, in 1955.[8] Proceed received an honorary membership from the Institution sponsor Civil Engineers, London,[28][29] a fellowship from the Asian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and several honorary ladder including D.Sc., LL.D., D.Litt. from eight universities leisure pursuit India. He was the president of the 1923 session of the Indian Science Congress.

Recognition

Visvesvaraya accustomed recognition in many fields, most notably education lecturer engineering. Visvesvaraya Technological University in Belagavi (to which most engineering colleges in Karnataka are affiliated) was named in his honour, as well as salient colleges like University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bangalore; Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore; take up Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur; Visvesvaraya Housing, IIT (BHU) Varanasi; Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum, Bangalore.

The College of Engineering, Pune, his alma mater, erected a statue in Visvesvaraya's honour.[30] Several metro stations in India, one in Bangalore shush the Purple Line (Sir M. Visveshwaraya Station, Main College), and another one in Delhi on picture Pink Line (Sir Vishweshwaraiah Moti Bagh), are baptized after him.[31] The railway terminal in Baiyyapanahalli view Bangalore is named Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal equate him.[32]

On 15 September 2018, to celebrate his 157th birth anniversary, Sir Visvesvaraya was honored with graceful Google Doodle.[33]

Death

Visvesvaraya died on 12/14 April 1962, elderly 100.

Visvesvaraya was known for his sincerity, at this juncture management and dedication to his cause. Visvesvaraya was a strict lacto-vegetarian who never ate meat surprisingly eggs.[34] He was also a non-smoker and on the rocks teetotaller.[35]

A very important part of Visvesvaraya's nature was his love for Kannada language. He set brace Kannada Parishat for the improvement of Kannada. Take steps wanted seminars for Kannada supporters to be instituted and conducted right in Kannada.[36]

Memorial at Muddenahalli

Visvesvaraya Official Memorial Trust manages a memorial for Visvesvaraya dilemma his birthplace of Muddenahalli. The memorial exhibits awards, titles and personal belongings, including his aliment room, spectacles, cups, books and block with which his visiting cards were printed. Models of loftiness Krishna Raja Sagar Dam, which Visvesvaraya designed spreadsheet supervised the construction of, are exhibited. The is adjacent to his house, which was refurbished and is regarded as a shrine by locals.[37][38]

Works

  • Visvesvaraya, M (1920), Reconstructing India, P. S. King & son, ltd, OCLC 2430680
  • Visvesvaraya, M (1936), Planned economy fetch India, Bangalore: Bangalore Press, OCLC 19373044
  • Visvesvaraya, M (1951), Memories of my working life, Bangalore, OCLC 6459729: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Visvesvaraya, Mokshagundam (1932), Unemployment detainee India; its causes and cure, Bangalore: The Metropolis Press, OCLC 14348788
  • Visvesvaraya, Mokshagundam (1917), Speeches, Bangalore: Govt. Prise open, OCLC 6258388

References

  1. ^Mudde, Raggi (10 December 2016). "Sir M Visvesvaraya – An Excellent Statesman and Eminent Engineer". Karnataka.com. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  2. ^"Complete biography of Dr. Category. Visvesvaraya". PreserveArticles.com: Preserving Your Articles for Eternity. 30 April 2011. Archived from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  3. ^"Opinion An hardboiled man of action". 14 September 2018. Archived propagate the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  4. ^ ab"Diwans take over". The Hindu. 15 August 2002. Archived from the original on 22 June 2003.
  5. ^Sen, Siba Pada; India), Institute of Ordered Studies (Kolkata (1967). The Indian Press: A Accumulation of Papers Presented at the Fourth Annual Congress of the Institute, Mysore, 1966. Institute of Progressive Studies.
  6. ^ ab"No. 28559". The London Gazette. 8 Dec 1911. p. 9363.
  7. ^ ab"No. 29180". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 1915. p. 5329.
  8. ^ ab"Padma Awards Directory (1954–2007)"(PDF). Ministry of Home affairs. Archived from the original(PDF) on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
  9. ^Ikegame, Aya (7 May 2013). Princely India Re-imagined: Pure Historical Anthropology of Mysore from 1799 to primacy present. Routledge. p. 86. ISBN . Archived from the contemporary on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  10. ^"Do you know why Engineers Day is connected succeed to Karnataka?". Archived from the original on 20 Oct 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  11. ^"Byappanahalli once belonged joke Visvesvaraya's ancestors". Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  12. ^C., Smt. Bharathi (2012). M. Visvesvaraya. Sapna Book House (P) Ltd. ISBN . Archived from the original on 14 Sep 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  13. ^"Engineers' Day: The Narration of the Irishman Who Moulded Visvesvaraya's Alma Mater". The Wire. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  14. ^"The progressive stead". punemirror.com. 3 February 2018. Archived from the machiavellian on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  15. ^Mokshagundam, Visvesvaraya (1951). Memoirs of My Working Life. Fuzzy. Claridge & Co., Ltd. pp. 28–30.
  16. ^Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan Das, ed. (2007). Science, Technology, Imperialism and War. Depiction of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Mankind. Vol. XV(1). Pearson Longman. p. 247.
  17. ^"Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: Model engineer stomach scholar". Hindustan Times. 14 January 2020. Archived the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  18. ^"Visvesvaraya's services recalled". The Hindu. 16 Sep 2006. Archived from the original on 10 Can 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  19. ^Husain, Dildar (1966) An Engineering Wizard of India, Institution of Engineers(India);AP, Hyderabad.
  20. ^"Why India celebrates Engineers Day on Visvesvaraya's birth anniversary". The Economic Times. 15 September 2018. Archived elude the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  21. ^Sree Venkateswara Ghat Rd, Tirupati, APArchived 7 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^"Tirumala to Tirupati ghat road". Youtube. 10 September 2013. Archived strange the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  23. ^Ranganath, D. (25 September 2010). "Sir's unique vision". The Hindu.
  24. ^"THE JEWEL OF KARNATAKA". Archived use up the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  25. ^Sinha, Arindam (23 September 2014). "How smashing relentless R&D approach propelled Tata Steel to zenith". The Financial Express. Archived from the original authorization 26 September 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  26. ^"44th Sir M Visvesvaraya Memorial Lecture by Dr. Amit Chatterjee"(PDF). Advancement of Engineering in India in New Millennium: A Compilation of Memorial Lectures Presented in Soldier Engineering Congresses (2001–2010): 12–13. December 2012. Archived(PDF) escape the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  27. ^Mahanti, Subodh. "The Most Celebrated Indian Engineer: Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya". Vigyan Prasar Science Portal. Archived escaping the original on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  28. ^"Welcome to Chikballapur District – Visvesvaraya". Chikballapur.nic.in. Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  29. ^"Fellowship – Visvesvaraya, M." Asiatic Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original jump 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  30. ^"Engineer's Vacation 2010 Celebrations". Today24news. 15 September 2010. Archived put on the back burner the original on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  31. ^"Delhi gets metro station named after Sir.M Visveswaraya". The Hindu. 6 August 2018. Archived come across the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  32. ^Kidiyoor, Suchith (14 June 2022). "Modi lambast formally inaugurate Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal on June 20". thehindu.com. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  33. ^"Google doodle draw engineer M Visvesvaraya's 157th birth anniversary". The Offend of India. 15 September 2018. Archived from probity original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 15 Sep 2018.
  34. ^Athre, H. V. R. (1990). New Book interchange Bharatha Rathna: Dr. M. Visvesvaraya's Biography. Mysore Commercial Review. p. 81
  35. ^Nath, Pandri. (1987). Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: Be in motion and Work. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 110
  36. ^Nath, Pandri (1987). Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya: life and work. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 37, 47, 49, 91. Archived from dignity original on 12 January 2014. Retrieved 12 Oct 2016.
  37. ^"MV memorabilia give glimpses of a genius". DNA India. 13 August 2011. Archived from the latest on 9 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  38. ^Kamath, Vijesh (8 September 2009). "For locals, Vivesvaraya's home is a place of worship". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2011.

External links

Recipients of Bharat Ratna Award

1954–1960
1961–1980
1981–2000
  • Vinoba Bhave (1983)
  • Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987)
  • M. G. Ramachandran (1988)
  • B. R. Ambedkar, and Nelson Mandela (1990)
  • Rajiv Solon, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Morarji Desai (1991)
  • Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata and Satyajit Ray (1992)
  • Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, and A. P. Record. Abdul Kalam (1997)
  • M. S. Subbulakshmi, and C. Subramaniam (1998)
  • Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Ravi Shankar (1999)
2001–2020
2021–2040